植物源杀虫剂胁迫下的蜂箱外蜡螟幼虫行为发育观察  

Observation on the behavior and development of wax moth larvae outside beehive under the stress of botanical insecticide

作　　者：陈佳丽[1] 汪成[1] 远庆 陈婉玉[1] 王丽华[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学蜂学学院,福州350002

出　　处：《中国蜂业》2012年第Z2期26-33,共8页Apiculture of China

基　　金：福建农林大学2008-2009年大学生创新性实验项目

摘　　要：[目的]滋生在蜜蜂(Apis)巢脾上的大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)和小蜡螟(Achroia grisella)幼虫危害蜂群发展也破坏养蜂生产。用植物叶片的萃取物在蜂箱外对蜡螟幼虫进行行为和发育干扰实验,可为普遍关心着的蜜蜂巢脾仓储过程中如何减少这种靶标害虫种群的危害化提供一种解决方案。[方法]将红花羊蹄甲(Bauhinia purpurea)、芒果(Mangifera indica)、蓝花楹(Jacaranda acutifolia)、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)和柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora)等植物叶片分别以水煎煮法或醇溶法提取其中的活性成分后,连续数日将之喷洒到有蜡螟幼虫滋生的蜜蜂巢脾上,观察记录蜡螟幼虫在此种杀虫剂胁迫下的行为发育情况。[结果]这种自制的植物源杀虫剂可以引发蜡螟幼虫产生逃避甚至致死反应,引发蜡螟蛹及其随后发育而成的蜡螟蛾的致残或致死反应。[结论]植物源杀虫剂对蜡螟的单方主效作用或复方等效作用有望用于蜜蜂巢脾的蜂箱外安全贮存。[Objective] The larvae of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella) that infested in the Apis combs could destroy honeybee development and beekeeping production.A test to interfere in behavior and development of wax moths by leaf extracts could provide a solution for the commonly concern of how to minimize jeopardization of the targeted-pest populations during storage of honeybee comb.[Methods] Active components were extracted by aqueous decoction and alcoholic solvent from leaves of purple camel's foot (Bauhinia purpurea),mango (Mangifera indica),green ebony (Jacaranda acutifolia),oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) and lemon eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora),respectively.The leaf extract from one botanic species or from more than two botanic species was sprayed on the combs where wax worms infested.The reactions of wax worms in behavior and development under deinsectizational stress were observed and recorded.[Results] This appears to be the first demonstration in wax moth about an escaping,lethal or malformed effect of such homemade botanical insecticide on its larvae,pupae and adult emerged thereafter,respectively.[Conclusion] Based on our results,either unitary efficiency or comprehensive equivalent of botanical insecticide is available to be applied to safe storage of honeybee comb outside beehive from galleria wax moth infestation and damage.

关 键 词：植物源杀虫剂 蜡螟 巢脾 蜜蜂 

分 类 号：S895.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]