中国铀矿地质勘探和开采作业职工的三十年健康评价及影响因素分析  

Health Evaluation and Affecting Factors Analysis of Geological Prospecting and Mining Workers in Chinese Uranium Mines in the Past 30 Years Period (In Chinese)

作　　者：鲍首琛[1] 高增林[1] 常学章[1] 张毅丹 张绪宗 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006 [2]四一七医院 [3]中国核工业集团公司安防环保卫生局

出　　处：《中国核科技报告》2000年第1期1530-1549,共14页China Nuclear Science and Technology Report

摘　　要：为评价核工业地矿系统职工健康水平,客观地估计环境、社会、心理等因素对健康影响,该文分析了抽样单位的体检资料和死因调查结果。结果表明:自觉症状检出率井下组>对照组(P<0.05),历年肝大检出率 0%～11.14%,90%以上职工血压居正常范围;WBC,Pts,Hgb 平均数均在正常范围,地矿系统 GPT 异常检出率分别为 6.44%、3.75%,而 HBsAg 检出率分别为 7.0%、7.43%,居HBV 感染的中等水平;井下组矽肺检出率 2.65%,慢性支气管炎地矿分别 4.72%、3.56%,肺结核分别为 1.17%、0.60%,神经衰弱征侯群分别 0.60%、0.40%,标化死亡率地矿分别为 660.62×10- 、 5189.30×10- ,全死因 SMR 分别 0.93、0.53(P 均>0.05);损伤与中 5毒 SMR 分别为 1.64、1.79(P 均<0.01),且工伤死亡居首;恶性肿瘤 SMR 分别 0.79、0.71(P 均>0.05),肺癌 SMR 分别 1.62(P>0.05)、1. 50(P<0.05),肺癌 RR 地矿分别 0.88(P>0.05)、4.25(P<0.01)。结论:早年的矽肺多发、较高的工伤死亡和后来铀矿工肺癌的超额死亡增加,表明生产性粉尘、工伤、氡子体为主要影响的职业因素,但从总体分析地矿系统职工健康状况是好的。对职业安全及辐射防护的重视、较完善的卫生服务设施是健康保障。To evaluate the health level of geology and mine workers in nuclear industry and to estimate objectively the effect of such factors as surroundings, society and psychology on health, the physical examination material and death cause investigtion results of sampled units are summarized and analyzed. The results show that symptoms incidences of underground group is greater than that of control group (P&lt;0.05); the percentage of incidence of hepatomegalia in these years is between 0% and 11.14%; the blood pressure of over 90% workers is within the normal limits; the mean WBC, Pts and Hgb is normal; the GPT abnormality incidence in geology system and mines is 6.44% and 3.75%, respectively; while HBsAg incidence is 7.0% and 7.43% respectively, a middlelevelled HBV infection. Silicosis incidence of underground group is 2.65%, for geology system and mines, chronic bronchitis incidence is 4.72% and 3.56%; pulmonary tuberculosis incidence is 1.17% and 0.60% and neurasthenia syndrome incidence is 0.60% and 0.40%, respectively, standard mortality is 660.62×10- and 189.30×10- ; SMR of whole death cause is 5 5 0.93 and 0.53 (both P&gt;0.05); SMR of injury and poisoning is 1.64 and 1.79 (both P &lt;0.01), injury death suffered on the job is on the top; SMR of malignant tumor is 0.79 and 0.71 (both P&gt;0.05). SMR of lung cancer is 1.62 (P&gt;0.05) and 1.50 (P&lt; 0.05); and RR is 0.88 (P&gt;0.05) and 4.25 (P&lt;0.01), respectively. It is concluded that as a whole, health condition of geology and mine workers in nuclear industry is good. Dust, injury suffered on the job and radon daughters are main factors affecting health; while attaching importance to occupational safety and radiation protection, better-equipped health service guarantee people’s health.

关 键 词：地矿系统 铀矿地质勘探 核工业职工 健康评价 铀矿井 检出率 损伤与中毒 矽肺 对照组 意外死亡 

分 类 号：TL[核科学技术]