水力机械内压力变化梯度对鱼类损伤的模拟试验  

SIMULATING EXPERIMENT ON FISH DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE PRESSURE GRADIENT IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

作　　者：邵奇[1] 李海锋[1] 吴玉林[1] 陈嘉范[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学热能工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2002年第10期7-11,共5页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：清华大学基础研究985基金资助项目(JC2000016)。

摘　　要：近几年来随着人们对环保问题的重视,水力机械应用中对自然界鱼类损伤的问题逐渐引起了人们的关注。采用由压力容器、真空泵和空气压缩机组成的管路系统模拟水力机械内压力变化过程,采用由压力传感器、放大电路、A/D数模转换卡和计算机组成的数据采集系统测量压力时间变化,观察并解剖分析压力梯度对鱼造成损伤的情况。通过研究发现负压状态下的压力梯度会对鱼的生存构成威胁,并得到了水力机械内对鱼类通过安全的压力梯度极限值,为新型环保的水力机械的设计提供了参考数据。With increasing awareness of environment protection, more and more scholars fix their attention on the natural fish damage caused by hydraulic machinery. The gas access system composed of a pressure vessel, a vacuum pump and an air compressor is used to simulate the pressure changing courses in hydraulic machinery, and the digital signal system composed of a pressure sensor, an amplifier, an A/D card and a computer is used to get the pressure-time data. After each group of experiment, fishes injured by pressure gradient are checked and anatomized carefully. In present studies, it is demonstrated that fishes are severely injured under different pressure gradients during subatmospheric conditions, and the maximum pressure gradient safe for fishes passing through hydraulic machinery is concluded, which can provide reference databases for the design of new environmentally friendly hydraulic machinery.

关 键 词：水力机械 压力梯度 负压状态 鱼类损伤 模拟试验 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学] TK7[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]