新型空气取水复合吸附剂在沙漠气候下的吸附性能实验研究  

EXPERIMENT RESEARCH ON ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF A NEW COMPOSITE ADSORBENT WITH THE DESERT CLIMATE IN CHINA TO EXTRACT WATER FROM AIR

作　　者：刘业凤[1] 范宏武[1] 王如竹[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200030

出　　处：《离子交换与吸附》2002年第5期440-445,共6页Ion Exchange and Adsorption

基　　金：国家973重大基础研究规划项目 (G200026309);高等学校优秀青年教师教学和科研奖励基金

摘　　要：提出了一种由粗孔球形硅胶和氯化钙组成的新型复合吸附剂SiO2穢H2O穣CaCl2。介绍了这种吸附剂的配制方法,分析了它吸附湿空气中水蒸气的原理。模拟我国塔克拉玛干沙漠地区高温干燥的气候特点:在空气温度恒为35℃、相对湿度为30%的条件下,对不同CaCl2含量的复合吸附剂和粗孔球形硅胶、细孔球形硅胶、分子筛13X进行了吸附解吸对比实验。实验表明,这种复合吸附剂的平衡吸附量we最大可达0.263kg H2O/kg干吸附剂,是粗孔球形硅胶的5.6倍、细孔球形硅胶的3.4倍、分子筛13X的1.17倍。通过对比分析它们的吸附解吸速度曲线表明,这种复合吸附剂的吸附量大、吸附速度快、解吸速度快。这种复合吸附剂在解吸温度80℃,可解吸97%以上的吸附量。因此,可用太阳能加热解吸,是一种理想的取水用吸附剂。One kind of new composite adsorbent SiO2?xH2O?yCaCl2 which is composed of macro-silica gel and CaCl2 is proposed to extract water from air. The adsorption theory and preparation of the composite adsorbent are presented. Experimental results show: when the composite adsorbent adsorbs water vapor from air with a temperature of 35℃ and relative humid of 30% which is simulated according to Taklamakan desert climate, the equilibrium adsorbate uptake we of composite adsorbent can reach to 0.263 (kg H2O/kg dry adsorbent). The equilibrium adsorbate uptake we is 5.6 times that of macro-porous silica gel, 3.4 times that of micro-porous silica gel and 1.17 times that of synthetic zeolite 13X. Adsorption and desorption curves show that the new composite adsorbent possess higher water adsorption capacity, faster adsorption rate and faster desorption rate than common adsorbents? When the composite adsorbents are desorbed with 80℃, more than 97% water amount is desorbed. So the composite adsorbent can be desorbed by solar energy, and it is a kind of ideal adsorbent to extract water from air.

关 键 词：空气取水 吸附性能 实验研究 沙漠气候 空气取水器 复合吸附剂 平衡吸附量 吸附法 

分 类 号：TU991.114[建筑科学—市政工程] O647.3[理学—物理化学]