北京地区沙尘天气及其影响  

The dust weather of Beijing and its impact.

作　　者：高庆先[1] 苏福庆[1] 任阵海[1] 张志刚[2] 王耀庭[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家环境保护总局气候变化影响研究中心,北京100012 [2]南京气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2002年第5期468-471,共4页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家基础研究资助项目(G1999043505);公益研究项目"环北京周边沙漠化数据库建设"课题资助项目

摘　　要：通过对北京地区1954(2001年气象台站的天气现象的观测资料以及最近几年20多个台站资料的分析.结果表明,北京一年中的沙尘暴主要集中在每年的春季(3～6月份),其中4月份的沙尘暴发生次数为全年最高,约占所有沙尘暴的50%;北京沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘天气现象发生的频次有减少的趋势;北京地区沙尘天气的发生有一定的周期性变化规律;北京地区主要是以扬沙天气为主,占总沙尘天气的74.15%,其次是浮尘天气(18.09%)和沙尘暴(7.76%);北京地区的沙尘天气在空间分布上不均匀;北京地区沙尘天气现象与天气气候背景、周边和本地地表生态系统、本地建筑工地以及裸露地等有密切的关系;沙尘天气对北京重污染的贡献较大.The meteorological observation data of Beijing from 1954 to 2001 and the data of more than 20 climatic stations located in Beijing in late few years were analyzed. The result shows that the high frequency of dust storm is in the spring (March to June) with the highest in April accounting about 50% of all the storm. There is a decreasing trend of frequency of dust storm, blowing sand and floating ash. The frequency of dust weather has the rule of peicodical change. The blowing sand is the dominating phenomena (74.15%), the next is the floating ash(18.09%) and the dust storm(7.76%). The spacial distribution of dust weather is not even and the dust weather phenomena has consanguineous relationship with the background of weather climate, the ecosystem of Beijing and its surroundings as well as the structural place and bare-soil in Beijing. The dust weather has significant impact on the heavy pollution of Beijing.

关 键 词：北京地区 沙尘天气 影响 大气环境质量 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]