不同气温和体力负荷下身体各部位体表温度的变化  

The Changes of Surface Temperatures of Various Regions of the Body Under Different Ambient Temperatures and Work Loads

作　　者：庞诚[1] 顾鼎良[1] 武建民[1] 王宪章[1] 俞雪冰 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》1991年第4期245-252,T002,共9页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：研究了几种气温、同一活动水平以及相同气温、不同体力负荷下的各部位体表温度变化。实验结果表明:(1)进一步确认在同一气温下头颈部皮肤温度分布的不均匀性,并表明各部位受气温的影响程度也不尽相同。(2)在同一气温下头颈部及身体其它部位的皮肤温度变化并不与体力负荷程度呈特定关系,并分析了产生这一现象的原因。(3)根据下肢为主的体力负荷对全身体表温度的影响情况,认为个体调温装备的区域性流量分配比例随身体活动形式改变而改变的必要性并不很大。由此,可以减少服装设计的复杂性。Surface temperatures in various parts of the body under different ambient temperatures (10℃, 15℃, 20℃) during rest and under work loads (0w, 30w, 150w) with the same ambient temperatures were studied in six young male subjects. The work loads were controlled on a bicycle ergometer. Infrared thermographs of the head—neck region were taken. Skin temperatures on the forehead, temporal, zygometic, neck, chest, back, arm and thigh regions and rectal temperature were measured. Besides, the measurements also included metabolic heat production, heart rate and sweat rate. Experimental results showed: (1). It was firmly further proved that distribution of surface temperature in the head—neck region under the same ambient temperature is ununiform and the degrees of influence of ambient temperature on skin temperatures of the various portions in this region are also not the same. (2). Change of skin temperature in the head—neck region and other parts of the body is not specially related with intensity of work load. The cause of this phenomenon was discussed and analyzed. (3). According to the effect of work load in lower extremity on skin temperature of the whole body, it was suggested that the necessity of the regional proportional flow in personal thermal conditioning equipment according to the influence of different activity patterns is not obvious. On the basis of this result, complexity of clothing design may be reduced.

关 键 词：环境 温度 工作负荷 皮肤 

分 类 号：R852.5[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]