人胎脑毛细血管形态发育——超微结构及图像分析仪定量研究  

THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD CAPILLARIES IN HUMAN FETAL BRAIN——AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY

作　　者：王亮[1] 梁英锐[1] 唐外星 刘大冲 赵勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南医科大学病理学教研室,长沙410078 [2]湖南医科大学电镜室,长沙410078

出　　处：《解剖学报》1991年第4期430-434,T016,共6页Acta Anatomica Sinica

摘　　要：许多证据表明,胎儿血脑屏障通透性高于成人,但其形态学基础仍不清楚。本文对13例5～9个月胎龄的胎儿脑毛细血管超微结构进行了观察;并用IBAS全自动图像仪,对294个毛细血管进行定量分析。结果表明,在5～9月胎龄期间,1.毛细血管内皮细胞紧密连接逐渐迂回曲折,但紧密连接中始终有裂隙存在,紧密连接裂缝比无明显变化;2.内皮细胞质膜小泡从大变小,其密度在各胎龄组均低(<2/μm^2胞浆);3.毛细血管腔明显变小(P<0.01),管壁增厚(P<0.01);4.内皮细胞核浆比和周细胞面积无明显变化,基膜逐渐增厚,致密,血管周隙渐趋减少。本文的结果提示,中,晚期人胎脑毛细血管在形态上尚未完全发育成熟,其内皮细胞紧密连接的不成熟可能与胎儿血脑屏障的高通透性有关,而小泡运输不起主要作用。It is generally accepted that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the fetus is higher than in the adult, but its structural basis is still not well known. In this paper, an ultrastructural study was performed on the cerebral capillaries of human fetus aged from 5-9 months and some structural parameters were measured. The results were as follows: (1) the endothelial tight junctions were longer and tortuous, and the clefts within the junctions were found and did not show apparent change in all groups; (2) the plasmalemmal vesicles were larger in 5th month than in the 9th month, and the density of vesicles was low (<2/μm cytoplasm) in all groups; (3) the capillary diameter was decreased obviously (p<0.01) while the capillary wall thickness increased with the fetal age; (4) no apparent difference was observed in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and in surface area of pericyte per vessel profile, and the basal lamina became thicker and denser obviously, while the perivascular space became narrower gradually. The results suggest: (1) the capillaries of human fetus in 5-9 months are immature morphologically; (2) in the fetal brain the incomplete development of the tight junctions may play an important role in the relatively higher capillary permeability while the plasmalemmal vesicular transport is lesser in the permeability.

关 键 词：血脑屏障 超微结构 胎儿 

分 类 号：R714.51[医药卫生—妇产科学]