种子无腺体植株有腺体棉花异源四倍体新种质的育成和研究  

BRED AND STUDIED OF A NEW ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON GERMPLASM WITtl GLANDLESS SEEDS/GLANDED PLANT TRAIT

作　　者：李炳林[1] 祝水金[1] 王红梅[1] 张伯静[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所 [2]山西农业大学

出　　处：《棉花学报》1991年第1期27-32,T002,共7页Cotton Science

摘　　要：用亚洲棉和比克氏棉杂交,获得异源二倍体杂种(A_2G),杂种不育。对其进行染色体加倍,得到可育的异源四倍体(A_2A_2GG),但不生根,幼苗天亡。用化学诱导和筛选方法获得胚根生长正常,能直接栽种成活的异源四倍体新种质,且当年开花结实。异源四倍体植株的主要性状介于亚洲棉和比克氏棉之间,偏比克氏棉,并完全保留了比克氏棉种子无腺体植株有腺体的特性。细胞学观察表明,异源四倍体的染色体数为52;减数分裂中期Ⅰ,染色体大多数能配对成环状二价体,二价体交叉值为1.83,染色体构型比例为2.75Ⅰ+24.5Ⅱ+0.25Ⅲ;后期Ⅰ,染色体平均分配二极,形成正常的四分孢子体。Allodiploid hybrid (AG)was obtained by crossing G.bickii with G.arboreum.The hybrid was sterility.Doubled chromosomes of allodipioid hybrid sythesised a fertile allotetraploid cot- ton (AAGG).But the allotetraploid was rootless lethal trait,which the seedling cannot sur- vived.Inducing with chemical and screening produced a new allotetraploid with normal radi- cle.The new allotetraploid plant can grow up directly and fruiting same year.The main mor- phological characters of aUotetraploid plant were intermediate between G.arboreum and G. bickii,favor to G.bickii,and the glandless seeds/glanded plant trait was maintainted com- pletely.Observation on P.M.C.meiosis indicated that there were 52 chromosomes,most of them being circular bivalents at M1,and the average crossing frequency was 1.83.The struc- ture type of chromosomes was 2.75 Ⅰ+24.5 Ⅱ+0.25 Ⅲ.At Al,chromosomes were equally distributed and there were 26 ones at both poles and formed normal tetrads.

关 键 词：棉花 腺体 棉酚 异源四倍体 

分 类 号：S562.035.2[农业科学—作物学]