对拉丁美洲经济改革的思考  

REFLECTIONS ON LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIC REFORMS

作　　者：卢后盾[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》1999年第4期1-8,共8页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：拉美从１９８３年开始的经济改革经历了３个阶段：８０年代前期的政策性调整、８０年代后期的结构性调整和９０年代的全面改革。以新自由主义为指导思想的这场改革，始终坚持了经济自由化的目标，并从理论上和实践上对过去半个世纪的经济发展模式进行了彻底的清理。本文在...Abstract Latin America's economic reform process has undergone through three stages, i.e., the policy adjustment in the early 1980s, structural restructuring of the late 1980s and the comprehensive reforms of the 1990s. Guided by neoliberalism, the reform aims towards realizing economic liberalization, thus greatly affecting the region's development model. More than a decade's reform is a type of revolution that has changed the import substitution model. The fundamental causes of the reform include: 1) With agriculture as its main sector, Latin America is still a undeveloped region. 2) The state needed to protect the industrialization process. 3) The state also needs to intervene in the economy dominated by foreign capital. 4) In the 1970s the region started to walk on the path of relying on inflow of foreign capital. Neoliberalism played an important role in the Latin American reform.The reform efforts have facilitated the process of building a market economy and promoted the development of productive forces. They have also remoulded the role of the state, raised efficiency of the enterprises, improved resource allocation and increased economic opening. At the same time, however, shortcomings of the neoliberal reform have worsened such problems as unemployment, unequal income distribution and more reliance upon foreign capital

关 键 词：成因 评价 工业化 性质 改革方式 新自由主义 私有化 货币政策 对外开放 拉丁美洲 经济改革 

分 类 号：F173.01[经济管理—世界经济]