职业接触铅工人血细胞参数变化的调查  

The investigation on the changes of haematological parameters in the occupationally lead exposed workers

作　　者：彭珊茁[1] 张春生[2] 王朝和[3] 魏明至 张杰[1] 郗卓利 杨晓霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳市第九人民医院,110024 [2]沈阳市卫生监督所 [3]沈阳市劳动卫生职业病研究所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2002年第5期334-335,共2页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的　对 5 98名工人的血铅及血细胞参数进行测定 ,以了解职业铅接触对工人造血系统的影响以及血细胞参数的变化。方法　据血铅测定水平将 5 98名职业接触铅工人分为 2组 :铅接触组 (血铅小于 2 .4 1μmol/ /L) 32 5名和铅吸收组 (血铅大于或等于 2 .4 1μmol/L) 2 73名。血铅测定采用石墨炉原子吸收法 ;血细胞参数的测定采用全自动血细胞分析仪进行测定。结果　铅吸收组的血红蛋白 (Hb) [男 :(12 9.3± 12 .3)g/L ,女 :(112 .2± 9.4 )g/L]、红细胞压积 (HCT) [男 :(0 .338± 0 .0 30 )L/L ,女 :(0 .30 2± 0 .0 2 8)L/L]明显低于正常组和铅接触组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;并且随血铅水平增高 ,Hb和HCT水平降低 ,血铅与Hb和HCT有弱的负相关关系。铅吸收组的红细胞平均分布宽度 (RDW) (男 :16 .6 8%± 0 .80 % ,女 :16 .98%± 0 .98% )明显高于正常组和铅接触组 ,铅接触组的RDW(男 :14 .77%± 0 .83% ,女 :14 .92 %± 1.13% )也明显高于正常组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;血铅与RDW有弱的正相关关系。结论　用Hb、HCT和RDW 3个指标可以反映铅作业工人是否贫血和贫血程度。Objective To estimate the level of blood lead and some haematological parameters in the workers occupationally exposed to lead so as to know the effect of lead exposure on hematopoietic system in exposed workers. Methods The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrocopy was used to determine blood lead (BPb).The haematological parameters were determined by Sysmex KX-21 automated haematology analyzer. Results Hemoglobin(Hb) in the lead-absorption group[male:(129.3±12.3)g/L,female:(112.2±9.4) g/L],and hematocrit(HCT) in the lead-absorption group[male:(0.338±0.030)L/L,female:(0.302±0.028)L/L] were significantly lower than those in normal people group and lead-exposed group (P<0.05,P<0.01).The relationships between BPb and Hb,HCT were weakly negative correlatoin.Red cell distribution width(RDW) in the lead-absorption group(male:16.68%±0.80%,female:16.98%±0.98%) were significantly higher than those in normal people group and lead exposed group,and RDW in lead exposed group (male:14.77%±0.83%,female:14.92%±1.13%) were higher than that in normal people group.BPb was weakly positively correlated with RDW. Conclusion Hb,HCT and RDW were three indices which may reflect the occurrences and degrees of anaemia in lead exposed workers.

关 键 词：血铅 血红蛋白 红细胞压积 红细胞平均分布宽度 贫血 职业性铅中毒 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]