多年生蓖麻育种现状及建议  

The Status Quo of Breeding Perennial Castor and some Suggestions

作　　者：熊红[1] 张薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西昌农业高等专科学校,四川西昌615013

出　　处：《西昌农业高等专科学校学报》2001年第1期6-8,共3页

摘　　要：蓖麻是一种重要的油料作物,其籽榨出的蓖麻油作为化工原料广泛应用于各行各业。我国常年种植面积达35万hm,总产量居世界第二位。在北方蓖麻为一年生草本植物,在我国的中部地区为宿根多年生植物,而在我国的南部地区,蓖麻则长成高达5～10m 的小乔木,寿命可达10～15年。近年来,随着蓖麻用途的不断拓宽及国际市场蓖麻价格的不断攀升,南方各省特别是西南的云南、贵州、广西、四川等省已先后把发展蓖麻生产作为农业产业结构调整的重要举措进行开发。如云南省将蓖麻产业作为“18生物资源开发工程”前期启动项目及滇沪第二轮经济合作首先项目。位于四川省攀西地区的凉山州也成立了蓖麻产业办公室,统筹凉山州蓖麻产业的发展。1999年上述四省蓖麻种植面积已达10万hm 以上,已形成一定的生产规模。但目前多年生蓖麻生产上缺少定型的生产用品种,大量的混杂种子应用于生产,严重制约了多年生蓖麻生产的快速发展。因此,尽快培育高产、优质、抗逆的蓖麻品种是多年生蓖麻获得发展的关键。Castor is an important oil crop,and castor oil extracted from its seeds is widely used in every field as industrial chemicals.Yearly planting area in China is around 350,000 ha,its aggregate output ranges second in the world.Castor is an annual herb in the north of China,perennial plant in mid—China, 5～10 meters high in the south of China,with a life of 10 to 15 years. In recent years,with the further use of castor oil and the steady increase of price in international mar- ket,castor planting has become one important means of adjusting agricultural industry in southern provinces,especially in southwest provinces of Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi and Sichuan.Yunnan Province has set castor production as a prophase startup project of“18 Biomas Development Projects”,and the pre- ference of the second economic cooperation between Yunnan Province and Shanghai.Liangshan Au- tonomous Prefecture,located in Panzhihua—Xichang Area of Sichuan Province,has also set up a castor production office to make overall arrangement.In 1999,the planting area in the four provinces surpassed 100,000 ha.There are no determined quality varieties in castor production,and adulterate seeds have been severely restricted the rapid development of castor production.Therefore,to breed high--yield,adversity —resistance and super—quality castor varieties as soon as possible is the key to speeding up castor produc- tion.

关 键 词：多年生蓖麻 育种 现状 育种目标 育种方法 品种资源 

分 类 号：S565.6[农业科学—作物学]