珠母贝稚贝温度适应性初步研究  

Study on Adaptability of Juveniles of Pinctada margaritifera to Different Temperatures

作　　者：周银环[1] 黄海立[1] ZHOU Yin-huan;HUANG Hai-li(Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2016年第4期96-100,共5页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：广东省海洋渔业科技与产业发展专项(Z2014013)

摘　　要：在室内条件下，以珠母贝（Pinctada margaritifera）稚贝作为实验对象，设置10、12、14、16、18、20、23、26、29、31、33、35、37 ℃组和常温组（27.3~30.6 ℃，CK），研究珠母贝稚贝温度适应性。结果表明：10、12 及37 ℃条件下，珠母贝稚贝存活12d、15d 及48 h；稚贝适宜存活温度为15.3~33.4 ℃，最适宜存活温度为23~31 ℃，低温和高温敏感起始点分别为26 和31 ℃；稚贝适宜生长温度为17.8~33.1 ℃，最适生长温度为29~3 1℃；温度对稚贝水层分布和生理产生影响，35 ℃时稚贝在水面以上的分布显著高于其他组，10~14 及35~37 ℃组稚贝活动、摄食能力差，16~33 ℃稚贝运动、摄食能力好。The juvenile Pinctada margaritifera(shell length(2.88 ± 0.54)mm,shell height (2.44± 0.46)mm)were selected indoor to examine their temperature adaption. All animals were equallydivided into 14 groups under different culture temperatures: 10、12、14、16、18、20、23、26、29、31、33、35、37 and room temperature ℃ as a control group(CK). Results showed that juveniles couldsurvive at 10 ℃ for 12 d,12℃ for 15 d and 37 ℃ for 48 h,respectively;and the appropriate survivalseawater temperature was among 15.3~33.4 ℃,the optimal survival seawater temperatures was 23~31℃,upper limit and lower limit of sensitive temperatures threshold was 26 ℃ and 37 ℃,respectively.And juvenile shellfish’s appropriate growth temperature was 17.8~33.1℃ , the optimal growthtemperatures was 29~31℃. Temperature had an effect on the water-layer distribution and physiologyof juvenile Pinctada margaritifera,the number of shellfish juveniles dwelling in the water surface at 35℃ were much more than that of other groups. Numbers of juveniles dwelling on the cup wall increasedsignificantly in sequence:16~33 ℃groups,10~14 ℃ groups and 35 ℃ group. Numbers of juvenilesdwelling on the cup bottom increased significantly in sequence:10~14 ℃groups,16~33 ℃ groups and 35 ℃ group. At 10~14 ℃ and 35~37 ℃ the shellfish juveniles didn’t feed and move,whereas theymoved and fed actively at 16~33℃.

关 键 词：珠母贝稚贝 温度 存活 生长 水层分布 生理 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]