多维度视角下我国粮食运输的结构分析  

Multidimensional Perspective Analysis on Grain Transport Structure

作　　者：钟昱[1] 亢霞[1] ZHONG Yu;KANG Xia(Academy of State Administration of Grain,Beijing100037,China)

机构地区：[1]国家粮食局科学研究院,北京市100037

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2016年第8期14-21,共8页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家粮食局粮食行业公益专项"我国粮食现代储备体系及相关技术研究"(201413002);"基于大数据的‘智慧粮食’平台关键技术研究"(201513005);"粮食产后损失浪费调查及评估技术研究"(201513004)

摘　　要：通过对我国10个省市粮食收储、加工、批发和零售企业运输结构的调查,从运输总量、运输距离、运输费用、运输方式、运输载体和运输品种6个维度分析我国粮食流通企业的运输结构。总体来看,运量排序为玉米>小麦>稻谷、驳船>火车>汽车;运距排序为散粮>包粮、驳船>火车>汽车、玉米>小麦>稻谷;运费排序为包粮>散粮、汽车>火车>驳船、小麦>玉米>稻谷。驳船和汽车运输中的散粮比例都很高,只有火车运输中散粮运量低于包粮运量;玉米的散粮运输比例最高,其次为小麦和稻谷;小麦和稻谷主要依靠火车和汽车运输,而玉米的运输主要依靠驳船和火车。今后应大力推广大运量、长距离运输模式,以及散装、散运、散卸、散存的"四散化"运输方式,火车运输方式下和稻谷运输中的散粮比例相对较低,可以此为突破口。在条件允许的情况下,应优先选择驳船运输,其次为火车运输,再次为汽车运输。A survey of the transport structure was conducted on grain purchasing,storage,processing,wholesale and retailbusinesses in China's 10 provinces. According to the survey results,the transport structure of grain circulation enterprises isanalyzed in terms of total transport,transport distance,transport costs,transport patterns,transport carriers and transportvarieties. Some of the ranks in terms of total transport,transport distance and cost are put forward. The proportion of totaltransport of scattered grain is very high in barge transport,and the total transport of scattered grain is higher than that of bulkgrain only in train transport;the proportion of scattered corn is the highest,and then is that of wheat and rice;the main transportpattern of wheat and rice is train and car transport,and that of corn is barge and train. So,in the future,we should popularizetransport patterns with huge volume and long distance,and the“scattered”ones. Train transport with lower proportion ofscattered wheat and rice could be the break through point. Given certain condition,we should give priority to barge transport,andthen the train and car transport.

关 键 词：粮食 流通企业 运输 “四散化” 

分 类 号：F259.21[经济管理—国民经济]