温差发电模块面积比功率实验优化研究  

Experimental optimization of the area-specific power for thermoelectric modules

作　　者：程富强[1,2] 洪延姬[2] 张博洋[1,2] 唐文帅[1] CHENG Fuqiang;HONG Yanji;ZHANG Boyang;TANG Wenshuai(PLA Unit 63783, Kashgar 844000, China;State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Equipment Academy, Beijing 101416, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军63783部队 [2]装备学院激光推进及其应用国家重点实验室

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2016年第4期421-427,共7页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

基　　金：科学技术部激光推进及其应用国家重点实验室自主课题

摘　　要：同位素温差发电器是目前深空探测航天器广泛采用的电源装置。为优选温差发电模块构型、提高模块的输出功率和面积比功率,制备了具有不同热电元件截面积的碲化铋基温差发电模块。通过建立的实验测试系统,测量了多种温差条件下发电模块的输出功率随负载的变化。实验结果表明:当模块包含的热电元件(p–n结)对数一定时,热电元件的截面积越大、模块占空比越高,则模块输出功率越高、匹配负载越小;在热源温度450 K、热沉温度300 K的条件下,测得热电元件截面积为1.6 mm×1.6 mm、占空比为0.406的发电模块的最大面积比功率约为0.282 W·cm^(-2)。最后,对理想与实际情况下,占空比为1时的模块面积比功率进行了分析。Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) are widely applied in spacecraft for the deep spaceexploration. In order to enhance the output power and the area-specific power of the thermoelectric modules, Bi2Te3-basedthermoelectric modules with different thermoelement cross-areas are prepared. An experiment setup is built to measure theoutput power of the thermoelectric modules as well as the load resistances under conditions of different temperaturedifferences. According to the test results, when the number of p–n junctions is specified, higher thermoelement cross-areasand higher occupancy ratios result in higher output powers and lower matched loads. With a module with a thermoelementcross-area of 1.6 mm×1.6 mm and an occupancy ratio of 0.406, the maximum area-specific power around 0.282 W·cm-2 isreached when the temperatures of the heat source and the heat sink are 450 K and 300 K, respectively. In ideal andpractical cases, the area-specific powers of the modules with occupancy ratio of 1 are analyzed.

关 键 词：深空探测 温差发电 输出功率 面积比功率 碲化铋 

分 类 号：TN377[电子电信—物理电子学]