基于大型底栖动物摄食群上的生态质量评价  

Assessment on the ecological quality based on the macrozoobenthos functional feeding groups

作　　者：蔡文倩[1,2] 林岿璇[1,2] 朱延忠[1,2] 周娟 夏阳[1,2] 刘录三[1,2] CAI Wen-qian;LIN Kui-xuan;ZHU Yan-zhong;ZHOU Juan;XIA Yang;LIU Lu-san(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护河口与海岸带环境重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2016年第9期2865-2873,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41406160);国家环保公益性行业专项(201309007)

摘　　要：基于2011年5月和9月航次获取的大型底栖动物和环境数据,采用建立在功能摄食群上的摄食均匀度指数(the feeding evenness index,jFD)并辅以建立在群落结构指标上的多元AZTI海洋生物指数(Multivariate AZTI Marine Biological Index,M-AMBI)评价渤海湾生态质量状况.本研究将所有大型底栖动物划分为5个摄食群,但2个航次均未发现植食者.从物种丰富度的角度看,碎屑食者和肉食者占比最高;从栖息密度的角度看则是浮游生物食者占比最高,而杂食者则在上述两个指标中均占比最低.摄食均匀度指数值大都低于0.60,说明研究区大部分海域的大型底栖动物群落受到不同程度的干扰,生态环境质量较差,这可能与该海域所受到的人为干扰如陆源排污、围海造陆有关.与M-AMBI相比,二者指示的渤海湾生态质量状况基本一致,且均能敏感地响应渤海湾近岸河口至离岸海域的环境压力梯度.总体上来讲,jFD适用于评价渤海湾的生态质量状况.Based on data collected during May and September of 2011, the feeding evenness index developed from thefunctional feeding groups, together with the M-AMBI (Multivariate AZTI Marine Biological Index) derived from thecommunity structure, were used to assess the ecological quality status of Bohai Bay. Results showed that themacrozoobenthos community was divided into five feeding groups in the study but no herbivorous group was found.Groups detritivorous and carnivorous displayed the greatest percentages of species richness, and the group planktivorousdisplayed the highest percentage of the community density. However, the group omnivorous displayed the smallestpercentage of the above two indicators. Furthermore, the feeding evenness index in the most sampling stations were lessthan 0.60, indicating that most marine waters were disturbed to some degree in this study which was corresponding to thedegraded ecological quality status. This may be related to the human pressures affecting Bohai bay such as wastedischarges and land reclamation. It seemed that the ecological quality status indicated by the feeding evenness index andM-AMBI were generally similar. Meanwhile, both indices were sensitive to the environmental pressure gradient from theinshore to the offshore areas in Bohai Bay. In sum, the feeding evenness index could be suitable to assess the ecologicalquality status of Bohai Bay.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物群落 功能摄食群 摄食均匀度指数 M-AMBI 渤海湾 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]