水稻产量对双季稻-不同冬绿肥轮作及环境的响应  

The Response of Rice Yields on Long-term Double Cropping Rice with Different Winter Green Manure Rotation and Environment

作　　者：黄晶[1,2] 刘淑军[1,2] 张会民[1,2] 王晓辉 高菊生[1,2] HUANG Jing;LIU Shujun;ZHANG Huiming;WANG Xiaohui;GAO Jusheng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081, China;Red Soil Experimental Station of CAAS in Hengyang//National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Qiyang 426182, China;Agricultural Bureau of Leiyang City, Leiyang 421800, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所//耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站//祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南祁阳426182 [3]耒阳市农业局,湖南耒阳421800

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第8期1271-1276,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项(2016YFD0300903;2016YFD0300901);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05)

摘　　要：双季稻和冬季绿肥轮作体系是实现南方稻区水稻高产、稳产可持续发展的重要措施。为探讨水稻产量对双季稻-不同冬季绿肥轮作及环境的响应特征,以开始于1982年的双季稻-不同冬季绿肥(稻-稻-紫云英,R-R-MV;稻-稻-油菜,R-R-RP;稻-稻-黑麦草,R-R-RG;稻-稻-冬闲,R-R-WF)的长期定位试验为平台,采用产量变异系数(CV)、产量可持续指数(SYI)及AMMI模型对影响双季稻稻谷总产量稳定性的双季稻-不同冬季绿肥轮作、环境和二者互作进行分析,研究稻谷产量对长期双季稻-不同冬季绿肥轮作的响应特征。结果表明:双季稻-不同绿肥轮作稻谷产量变异系数随试验时间延长逐渐降低,与其他绿肥轮作模式相比,稻-稻-紫云英轮作能够减小产量变异系数。早稻和晚稻均以稻-稻-紫云英处理的SYI值最高,分别为0.58和0.59。双季稻-不同绿肥轮作与年际间环境的互作(F×E)平方和占总平方和的2.3%,达到了显著差异(P=0.012 5)。双季稻-不同绿肥轮作方式和交互作用对水稻产量的影响相对较小,影响水稻产量变化的主要因素是年际气候因子变化,稻-稻-紫云英轮作更能积极适应气候因子的变化。综合以上分析结果,认为稻-稻-紫云英轮作是该区域双季稻高产和稳产的理想轮作制度。Double rice cropping and winter green manure rotation system are the important strategies for high yield stability andsustainability at rice area in Southern China. In order to investigate the response characteristics of the rice yield to double ricecropping with different winter green manure rotation and environmental, a long-term double cropping rice with different winter greenmanure rotation experiment has been going on since 1982 in the Red Soil Experimental Station of CAAS. Four field treatments wereexamined: rice-rice-milk vetch (R-R-MV), rice-rice-rape (R-R-RP), rice-rice-ryegrass (R-R-RG) and rice-rice-winter fallow(R-R-WF). Yield coefficient of variation (CV), sustainable yield index (SYI) and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) model were used to analyse the interactions of double rice cropping with different winter green manure rotation andenvironment which can effect the stability of rice yield. Result showed that yield CV in different treatments decreased withexperimental years. R-R-MV rotation could decrease yield CV but not other rotations. The highest SYI value was found in R-R-MVrotation, which was 0.58 for early rice and 0.59 for late rice, respectively. The sum of squares of interactions of double rice withdifferent winter green manure rotation treatments and environment (F×E) was 2.3% of total sum of squares (P<0.05), whichindicated that the combined effects of double cropping rice with different green manure rotation and environment on rice yield wasrelatively small, and the main factors affecting the variation of the rice yield was interannual climate changes. It was assumed thatR-R-MV rotation could adapt to climate change better than other rotation treatments. Thus, the suitable rotation system of the doublecropping rice regional to sustain the high rice yield and yield stablility could be rice-rice-milk vetch rotation.

关 键 词：水稻产量 双季稻-绿肥轮作 产量变异系数 可持续性指数 AMMI分析 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]