森林火灾对烟台蓁山次生林土壤性质的影响  

Effects of Forest Fire on Soil Properties of Secondary Forests on Zhenshan Mountain in Yantai, Shandong Province

作　　者：刘瑞斌[1,2] 李莉[1] 陈鹏东 咸旭阳 赵雪[1] 侯玉平[1] LIU Ruibin;LI Li;CHEN Pengdong;XIAN Xuyang;ZHAO Xue;HOU Yuping(College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden;Science Research Center of Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science,Shanghai 201602, China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264025 [2]上海辰山植物园//中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心,上海201602

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第8期1300-1305,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300465);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2012CQ020);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J13LE08)

摘　　要：林火是北方森林生态系统最主要的自然干扰因子之一,可在短时间内使森林土壤的各种性质发生剧烈变化,并影响后续恢复进程。烟台蓁山属山东半岛北部黄海沿岸丘陵,该区域春季干燥、风大、人为活动多,致使火灾频发,造成较大生态和经济损失。以暖温带蓁山次生林为研究对象,选择不同类型火烧迹地及其对照(阴坡火烧区、阴坡非火烧区、阳坡火烧区和阳坡非火烧区),采集土壤样品,研究火灾2 a后土壤性质的变化,了解火灾对土壤理化性质、土壤微生物数量、酶活性变化及土壤氮素循环等的影响,以期为该区域森林火灾后生态系统的恢复和管理等提供理论依据。研究结果表明:(1)林火改变了土壤理化性质,火烧后土壤含水量下降,p H值无明显改变,土壤全碳含量呈降低趋势,全氮含量显著下降;(2)火烧后微生物量C含量显著增加,微生物量N变化不明显,细菌数量下降,特别是细菌含量丰富的阴坡,其细菌数量下降明显,而真菌和放线菌数量下降不显著;(3)火烧降低了土壤磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,对脲酶活性的影响不明显;(4)阴坡火烧区土壤氮素的矿化和硝化速率较对照显著降低,阳坡火烧区土壤氮素的矿化和硝化速率较对照有所降低,但不存在显著差异。火灾改变了土壤各种性质,短期内引起地力衰退,影响林地微环境,对生态系统恢复产生重要影响。Increasing researches focusing on forest fires have been carried out according the ever-increasing global temperature andforest fires throughout the world. As a main natural disturbance factor of northern forest system, forest fires could have acute effectson soil properties within a short time, which in turn affects the ecological recovery process. Zhenshan Mountain lies in the coast ofthe Yellow Sea in northern Shandong Peninsula where forest fires frequently break out because of the frequent human activities anddry and windy weather in spring. The present study takes the secondary forest of Zhenshan mountain as research object. Soil sampleswere collected from unburned and burned area on both shady and sunny slopes. The effects of forest fires on physical and chemicalproperties, microbial community, enzymatic activity and nitrogen cycle of soil were assessed. And the results showed that (1) firegreatly changed the soil physical and chemical properties: it decreased the water content, total carbon and total nitrogen, while the pHof the soil varied slightly; (2) the soil microbial biomass carbon increased significantly, while the soil microbial biomass nitrogenwere not; bacteria amount especially those in shady slope decreased significantly, while fungi and actinomyces amounts were not; (3)enzymatic activities of phosphatase and catalase but urease decreased; (4) compared with the control, mineralization and nitrificationrate of the shady slope decreased significantly, while the counterpart of sunny slope varied slightly. Collectively, forest fires couldchange the soil properties, cause productivity decline in a short time and affect the microenvironment of the woodland, which willgreatly affect the recovery process of the ecosystem.

关 键 词：森林火灾 土壤微生物 酶活性 土壤矿化 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S718.52[农业科学—林学]