波兰批判现实主义文学的形成和发展  

The Formation and Development of Critical Realistic Literature in Poland

作　　者：张振辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院外国文学研究所

出　　处：《北京第二外国语学院学报》2016年第4期12-19,128,共8页Journal of Beijing International Studies University

摘　　要：波兰批判现实主义文学产生于19世纪下半叶,众所周知,这个国家当时被沙俄、普鲁士和奥地利三国瓜分和占领,曾长期遭受残酷的民族压迫。1863年1月,在当时被沙俄占领的波兰王国的首都华沙,爆发了著名的波兰人民抗俄民族起义,由于它的影响,沙俄占领者于翌年在他们的占领区宣布了农奴解放。波兰王国农奴解放后,资本主义迅速发展,但是这里的民族和阶级压迫依然十分严重,一些著名的现实主义作家的创作对黑暗的现实进行了全方位的深刻揭露,同时也以民族英雄主义的思想精神,鼓舞和激励波兰人民去和压迫者进行坚决的斗争,以赢得波兰民族和人民的解放。这些作家的一系列作品成为波兰文学史上的经典名著,宣扬了爱国主义和民主主义的思想观点,这在当时的波兰和今天的社会都有很大的现实意义。Polish realistic literature was born in the second half of the 19 th century. It is well known that Poland was carved up and occupied by Tsarist Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and it used to suffer from a long national oppression. In January 1863, the famous National Uprising of Polish People against Russian broke out at Warsaw, the capital of Poland, which was occupied by Tsarist Russia at that time. Due to the influence of the uprising, the Russian occupiers announced the Emancipation of Serfs in the occupation area in the following year. The capitalist development has been rapid after the Emancipation of Serfs in the Kingdom of Poland, but the national and class oppression was still very serious, and some famous realist writers exposed the darkness of the reality comprehensively in their works. At the same time, they inspired the Polish to fight against the oppressors in the spirit of national heroism in order to win the liberation of the Polish nation. These writers advocated the ideas of patriotism and democratism in the series of classics in the history of Polish literature, which has great practical significance not only in Poland but also in today's world.

关 键 词：实证主义 现实主义 正义战争 新兴资产阶级的代表人物 

分 类 号：I109[文学—世界文学]