三种植物纤维填充聚乳酸复合材料性能对比  

Performance Comparison of Three Kinds of Plant Fibers Modified Polylactic Acid Composites

作　　者：张建[1,2] 何春霞[1,2] 唐辉[3] 付菁菁[1,2] 王敏[1,2] Zhang Jian;He Chunxia;Tang Hui;Fu Jingjing;Wang Min(College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nangjing 210031, China;Key Laboratory of Intelligence Agriculture Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, China;Zhangjiajie Aviation Industry Vocational Technical College, Zhangjiajie 427000, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031 [2]江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,南京210031 [3]张家界航空工业职业技术学院,湖南张家界427000

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2016年第11期12-17,共6页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD20B202-2)

摘　　要：为充分利用农作物植物资源,以稻秸秆、麦秸秆、稻壳三种植物纤维为填充相,聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,制备了PLA/植物纤维复合材料。对三种植物纤维的成分进行了对比分析,并对制备的复合材料的力学性能和吸水性能进行了比较,分析了三种复合材料的热重曲线、差示扫描量热曲线与红外光谱,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的断面微观结构。结果表明,三种植物纤维材料中稻秸秆的纤维素与半纤维素总含量最高,稻秸秆制备的PLA复合材料力学性能与界面结合性最好,其弯曲强度为28 MPa,分别比麦秸秆和稻壳制备的PLA复合材料高75%和47%;PLA/稻壳复合材料的吸水率最小,比PLA/稻秸秆和PLA/麦秸秆分别小10%与25%;三种植物纤维改性PLA复合材料的热分解曲线基本相同,PLA/稻壳复合材料的热稳定性相对最好。In order to take full advantage of crop resources,three different plant fibers such as rice straw,wheat straw,rice husk were chosen as the filling materials to modify polylactic acid (PLA) composites and the effects of different plant fibers on the properties of three plant fibers filled PLA composites were investigated. The components analysis of three plant fibers were reported and the mechanical properties and water absorbency capability of three composites were tested. The FTIR spectra and TG,DSC curves of the composites were analyzed. The fracture surface microstructures of the composites were observed by using a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the rice straw has the highest content of cellulose and hemicellulose compared with other two plant fibers,and the rice straw based composite showed better mechanical and interfacial bonding properties. The PLA/rice straw composite has the best flexural strength of 28 MPa which is 75% and 47% higher than the PLA/wheat straw composite and the PLA/rice straw composite respectively. The PLA/rice husk composite has the lowest water absorption rate which is 10% and 25% lower than the PLA/rice straw and the PLA/wheat straw. The TG and DSC curves of three plant fibers filled PLA present similar trends,and the rice husk filled PLA composite has the best thermal stability.

关 键 词：稻秸秆 麦秸秆 稻壳 聚乳酸 力学性能 热性能 模压成型 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]