土壤重金属污染调查与评估的误区及其改进方法  

Error and its Improvement of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Survey and Evaluation

作　　者：范亦农[1] 柯雪芳[2] 常朴友 冯学玉 李其林[2] FAN Yi - nong;KeXue - fang;Chang Pu - you;Feng Xue - yu;Li Qi - lin(Yunnan Institute of Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake - Watershed, Kunming Yunnan 650034, China)

机构地区：[1]云南省环境科学研究院,云南高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室,云南昆明650034 [2]云南师范大学化学化工学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《环境科学导刊》2016年第4期86-94,共9页Environmental Science Survey

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项-滇池流域面源污染调查与系统控制研究及工程示范课题(2009ZX07102-004)

摘　　要：我国目前对土壤重金属污染调查与评估的方法是分析土壤重金属全量,并对照《GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准》,得到超标比例和超标倍数等评估结论,不能反映土壤重金属对食品安全和饮用水安全的威胁程度。滇池东岸土壤的研究在分析重金属全量的基础上,通过对土壤中重金属的交换态、碳酸盐结合态(碳酸态)、铁锰氧化物结合态(铁锰态)、有机质硫化态(有机态)、残渣态等分析,评估土壤重金属全量中对农业生产和饮用水水源有威胁的速效态和有效态元素含量,结果显示:研究区土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni安全,Pb、Cd不安全。有针对性地提出环境保护措施,能有效指导农业生产和饮用水水源管理工作。Theinvestigation and evaluationmethod of soil heavy metal pollution in our country at present is to detect the content of heavy metal and compare the results with the soil environment quality standard ( GB15618 -1995 ) and calculate the ratio of the excessive proportion and excess ratio. This method could not reflect the degree of the threat of soil heavy metal to food safety and the safety of drinking water. On the basis of the study on the analysis of the full content of heavy metals, the exchange state, carbonate state of heavy metals in soil ( carbonate) , iron, manganese oxide combination state ( Fe^ Mn) , organic sulfide ( organic) , residue analysis, evaluation of soil heavy metal quantity threating to agricultural production and drinking water sources in the available state and effective state element content were tested. Environmental protection measures were put forward accordingly,which would effectively guide the safe agricultural production and drinking water management.

关 键 词：重金属 全量 速效态 有效态 评估方法 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]