吉林西部盐碱地水田水稻不同生长期土壤酶活性与有机碳含量的关系  

Correlation of Soil Enzyme Activities with Soil Organic Carbon Content in Saline-alkali Paddy Field

作　　者：汤洁[1] 赵晴[1] 王思宁[1] 王静静[1] 孙珊珊[1,2] TANG Jie;ZHAO Qing;WANG Sining;WANG Jingjing;SUN Shanshan(College of Environmental and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;Environmental Inspection Corps of Jilin Province, Changchun 130033, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学环境与资源学院,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林省环境监察总队,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第9期1425-1430,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471152);博士点基金项目(20130061110065)

摘　　要：土壤酶在土壤有机碳的转化过程具有关键作用，研究盐碱地水田土壤酶与SOC的关系对深入了解此类土壤碳循环机制有着重要意义。本文选取吉林省西部前郭县典型盐碱水田作为研究区，分别于水稻未插秧期、幼苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期和结实期采集0~30cm和30~60cm的土壤样品。样品采集后带回实验室进行测试，分别采用高锰酸钾容量法测定过氧化氢酶活性，3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定淀粉酶活性，总有机碳分析仪测定SOC含量，分析土壤过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶活性和SOC含量的剖面分异特征及变化规律，并探讨酶与SOC的相关性。结果表明：盐碱水田土壤过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶活性以及SOC含量均随土壤剖面深度的加深而降低，且随水稻的生长而波动。插秧前，表层土壤过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶分别与SOC呈极显著正相关（n=18，P<0.01）和显著正相关（n=18，P<0.05），SOC含量不仅与两种酶活性密切相关，并受过氧化氢酶活性影响更大。水稻移栽后，两种酶与SOC的相关性均有不同程度降低，过氧化氢酶活性在幼苗期、抽穗期和结实期与SOC均呈显著正相关（n=18，P<0.05）；淀粉酶活性在幼苗期、分蘖期和结实期与SOC呈显著正相关（n=18，P<0.05）。土壤过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶在水稻生长发育过程中受到外界干扰以及水稻根系发育等影响，活性发生明显变化，进而影响SOC。由于抽穗期水稻生长发育缓慢，对淀粉酶分解作用需求降低，使得其活性减弱，故对SOC的影响最小。Soil enzymes play a critical role in soil organic carbon transformation, so study on correlation between enzymes and SOCof Saline-alkali paddy field is important for us to research carbon cycle mechanism more systematically. We selected Saline-alkalipaddy field in Qianguo county of western Jilin province as a research area, collecting samples of topsoil (0~30 cm) and subsoil(30~60 cm) in not planting rice, seedling stage, tillering stage, tassel formation and fructicative stage respectively. The activities ofcatalase and amylase were measured by KMnO4 capacity method and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry respectively, and SOCwere measured with a total organic carbon analyzer, to analyze the distribution of SOC, soil catalase activity and soil amylase activityin different rice growth stages, furthermore to explore the correlation between soil enzyme and SOC. The results showed that soilcatalase activity, soil amylase activity and SOC content all reduced significantly with increasing soil depth, and also fluctuated withrice growing Before transplanting of rice, SOC extremely significantly correlated with soil catalase and significantly with soilamylase, respectively (P<0.01, P<0.05); SOC content was not only closely related to the two soil enzymes but also influenced moreby catalase. After transplanting, the positive correlation between them all decreased in varying degrees. SOC had a significantpositive correlation with catalase in seedling stage, tassel formation and fructicative stage (P<0.05), with amylase activity in seedlingstage, tillering stage and fructicative stage (P<0.05). Soil catalase and amylase interfered by surroundings and development of riceroot system during the rice growth caused the significant change of activity, which further affected SOC. As rice growed slowlyduring tassel formation, its demand of amylase to decompose organic matter diminished, leading to the decline of its activity, so ithad the least impact on SOC.

关 键 词：盐碱水田 生长期 土壤酶 土壤有机碳 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]