代森锰锌类农药对生姜种植地土壤酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响  

Effect of Mancozeb on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community in Ginger Fields

作　　者：李霞[1] 张小平[1] 喻晓[2] 张丹[1] 李战鲁[1] 刘子明[1] 王镧 李欣[4] LI Xia;ZHANG Xiaoping;YU Xiao;ZHANG Dan;LI Zhanlu;LIU Zhiming;WANG Lan;LI Xin(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;Chengdu De Tong Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610041, China;Institute of Mordern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]四川省烟草公司广元分公司,四川广元628000 [3]成都德通环境工程有限公司,四川成都610041 [4]中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第9期1569-1574,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571315);中国科学院仪器设备功能开发技术创新项目(Y6K2200200);中国科学院院地合作项目(Y406060YDO)

摘　　要：研究了代森锰锌类农药克菌宝(15%)、深蓝(60%)和活根菌灭(80%)对生姜(Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)种植地土壤酶(脲酶、脱氢酶、磷酸酶和蛋白酶)活性和土壤微生物群落结构的影响,以期为评价代森锰锌的合理使用及环境修复提供一定的理论参考依据。结果表明,施用克菌宝的农田土壤在生姜旺盛生长期酸性磷酸酶活性提高了2.3%;深蓝能显著抑制旺盛生长期土壤酸性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),抑制率分别为24.2%和40.0%,但这两种酶的活性在生姜收获期均有所恢复;活根菌灭在收获期可显著降低土壤酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性(P<0.05),土壤酶活性的抑制率与一定范围内(0.96 g·m^(-2))的农药施用量呈正相关,但当施用量超过一定阈值(0.72 g·m^(-2))后抑制率降低。3种农药对土壤酶活性抑制作用的强弱顺序为深蓝>活根菌灭>克菌宝;DGGE图谱的土壤微生物丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数分析结果表明,土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性高低顺序为克菌宝>深蓝>活根菌灭,这与相应农药的土壤酶活性高低情况不一致,说明土壤细菌群落结构与土壤酶活性不是单一的线性关系。细菌16S r RNA基因的聚类分析表明细菌群落结构受到农药的影响,并与其施用量呈正相关。The effect of mancozeb on activity of soil enzyme (urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and protease) and the diversity ofmicrobial community in ginger fields were investigated, with treating amount of 0.48, 0.72 and 0.96 g·m-2 mancozeb in soil. Theresults showed that acid phosphatase activity was increased by 2.3% after treated with 0.48 g·m-2 mancozeb in vigorous growthperiod (VGS); 0.72 g·m-2 mancozeb inhibited soil acid phosphatase and protease activity significantly in VGS (P<0.05), with theinhibition rates 24.2% and 40.0% respectively, however, enzymes activities were partial recovered in ginger harvest season (HS). Theactivities of acid phosphatase and urease were markedly decreased in HS (P<0.05) by treated with 0.96 g·m-2 of mancozeb, indicatingthat the inhibition rate is positive correlation with soil enzyme activity in certain range of treating amount (0.96 g·m-2), inhibition rateweaked when the treatment amount exceeds certain range (0.72 g·m-2). The inhibitory effects of mancozeb to soil enzyme follows adescending order in treatment amount: 0.72, 0.48, 0.96 g·m-2. Soil microbial richness and shannon wiener index of the DGGE profileexhibited that 0.48 g·m-2 was the most influential treating amount, following with 0.72 g·m-2 and 0.96 g·m-2, it is not a single linearrelationship between bacterial community structure and soil enzyme activity. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the diversity ofbacterial community is positively correlated with mancozeb treating amount.

关 键 词：代森锰锌 土壤酶 微生物群落和结构 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]