载人探月航天器大气压力制度选择  

Selection of Spacecraft Atmospheric Pressure Regime for Manned Lunar Exploration Mission

作　　者：刘伟波[1] 刘朝霞[1] 陈金盾[1] 彭远开[1] LIU Weibo;LIU Zhaoxia;CHEN Jindun;PENG Yuankai(China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2016年第6期687-693,共7页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：中国航天医学工程预先研究项目(2012SY54B0101)

摘　　要：大气压力制度是载人探月工程的顶层指标之一，需要从系统工程的角度出发，深入分析和研究，既要保证航天员安全、全力提高航天员月面出舱活动效能，还要具有工程实施的可行性和经济性。运用航天医学工程理论,从人体生理学、工程学角度，分析压力制度影响因素，提出发射和返回、地-月飞行、月面驻留和出舱活动等阶段的压力制度设计方案：航天器发射段和返回段采用（90.101.3)kPa氧、氮混合气，地月空间转移段总压逐步降低到（58±4)kPa,月球着陆停留阶段总压保持（58±4)kPa,月地飞行期间总压过渡到接近101.3kPa,全程氧分压保持（21±2)kPa;登月服优先选用40kPa纯氧压力，可向下兼容30kPa纯氧。这种压力制度的既能满足人体生理学要求，也能满足工程可行性和经济性要求,还可避免月面出舱活动中的减压病风险。Atmospheric pressure regime is one of the top design parameters for manned lunar explorationmission. It should be thoroughly researched to ensure the safety and high efficiency of astronauts, and tomeet the engineering requirements of feasibility and economy at the same time. In this paper, the interactionsbetween gaseous environment, human physiology, and technology were analyzed, and proposals ofatmospheric pressure and composition for each stage of the mission were suggested including the launch,return, earth-moon transfer flight, lunar habitation and lunar surface E V A , et al. During the launch andreturn stage, (90 ?101. 3) kPa total pressure of oxygen and nitrogen mixture was selected. The totalpressure gradually reduced to ( 58 ± 4) kPa during the earth-moon transfer period, and maintained at thislevel in the phase of lunar landing and lunar habitation. W h e n flew back to the earth orbit, the totalpressure was gradually elevated back to nearly 101.3 kPa. The oxygen partial pressure maintained at (21± 2) kPa during all the phases. As to the lunar suit, 40 kPa pure oxygen was preferred, and 30 kPapure oxygen was backwards compatible. The main advantage of this pressure regime proposal is that itcould meet the human physiology requirements with lower engineering cost. Most of all, the decompressionsickness during lunar surface activity could be totally avoided.

关 键 词：载人探月 登月服 大气压力制度 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]