老山汉墓土遗址盐分调查与分布规律探索  

Survey and Exploration of Salts Species and Distribution in Laoshan Han Tomb Earthen Sites

作　　者：钱玲[1] 张尚欣[2] 胡红岩[1] 夏寅[2] 靳治良[1] 容波[2] 周铁[2] 吕功煊[1] QIAN Ling;ZHANG Shang-Xin;HU Hong-Yan;XIA Yin;JIN Zhi-Liang;RONG Bo;ZHOU Tie;LV Gong-Xuan(State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Emperor Qin's Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum,Lintong 710600,Shaanxi China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]秦始皇帝陵博物院陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,陕西临潼710600

出　　处：《分析测试技术与仪器》2016年第4期209-216,共8页Analysis and Testing Technology and Instruments

基　　金：科技部支撑计划课题"干旱环境下古代壁画保护成套技术集成与应用示范"(课题编号2014BAK16B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973课题)(课题编号2012CB720901;2012CB720905)

摘　　要：老山汉墓土遗址中可溶-微溶盐导致遗址表面酥碱、起甲、泛白和块状脱落等病害较为严重.利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及离子色谱(IC)等方法测定了老山汉墓遗址不同取样位置及距遗址表面不同深度处可溶盐的成分及含量,并分析了盐分对遗址破坏的可能机制.结果表明,该遗址的主要有可溶盐有Na2SO4、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na Cl、Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O,微溶盐有Ca SO4、Ca SO4·2H2O,此外还含有少量的Ca Cl2、KNO3、KCl、Mg Cl2、K2SO4、Mg SO4等盐分.随着取样深度增加,各盐分的种类及含量有所减少,此分布规律可能与可溶盐的赋存环境及水分运移有关.试验结果对于老山汉墓土遗址的保护措施具有一定的参考价值.Soluble and slightly soluble salts resulted in the efflorescence, flaking, whitening and block off and other serious diseases of earthen site surface in Laoshan Han Tomb Site. In this study, the components and contents of soluble salts at different positions were analyzed by X - ray fluorescence spectrometry ( XRF), X - ray diffraction ( XRD), X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ion chromatography ( IC) methods, qualitatively and quantitatively. And the possible mechanism of the damage of salt to the soil structure of the site was proposed. The results showed that the main components of the soluble salts were Na2 SO4 , Na2 SO4 ·10H2 O, NaCl, Na12 Mg7(SO4 )13 ·15H2 O, and the slightly soluble salt were CaSO4 and CaSO4 ·2H2 O. In addition, a small amount of CaCl2 , KNO3 , KCl, MgCl2 , K2 SO4 and MgSO4 existed in soil samples. With the increase of the sampling depth, various kinds of salt contents and types gradually decrease. The results indicated that the distribution of salts was closely related to the water movement and the existed environment. The obtained results provide useful information for the conservation of earthen sites.

关 键 词：老山汉墓 土遗址 可溶盐 微溶盐 水分运移 赋存环境 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学]