基于实时电价的电动汽车充放电优化策略和经济调度模型  

Optimal Scheduling of Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicle Based on Real Time Price and Economic Dispatch Model

作　　者：麻秀范[1] 王超[1] 洪潇[1] 王皓[1] 李颖[1] Ma Xiufan;Wang Chao;Hong Xiao;Wang Hao;Li Ying(School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院,北京102206

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2016年第A01期190-202,共13页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

摘　　要：实时电价为优化电动汽车(EV)充放电负荷提供了手段,从而实现经济调度。首先建立用户最优充放电策略模型:以计及EV电池退化成本的用户成本最小为目标,以满足EV行驶荷电状态和充放电荷电状态等为约束。在此基础上建立电动汽车用户实时电价响应模型,通过实时电价计算用户充电成本,使电动汽车充放电负荷与电价联动调整,并将该模型嵌入电动汽车充放电策略优化目标函数。求解过程中,用"停泊时长"确定单车一日可多次充放电的时段和行驶时段,从而在EV可充放电时长范围内优化每时段充放电负荷。最后建立经济调度模型:目标中计及机组阀点效应、约束中考虑EV充放电负荷以及机组爬坡速率等限制的多目标经济调度模型,提出一种改进模式搜索算法求解该时间耦合、非线性、非凸模型。以IEEE 39节点为例,验证了所建立模型和求解算法的有效性。Real time pricing makes it possible to optimize the charging load and discharging loadof electric vehicles (Evs). First the real time price model based on time-of-use pricing is built; theminimization of the charging cost in consideration of battery degradation cost as well as constraintsincluding mobility requirements is taken as objective function. The charging price response from EVusers aims to interact the charging and discharging load with charging price, therefore the real timepricing model is embedded into the EV charging optimization model mentioned above. A new method,which limits the EV charging and discharging time slot according to the parking periods, is usedto solve the EV charging optimization problem. Having obtained the charging load profile, thesecurity-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) problem with V2G model is studied,in which twostage optimization model including user side and grid side is established. To obtain a credible resultfrom the high time coupling, non-linear and non-convex SCED problem an improved Pattern Searchmethod combined with Genetic Algorithm and augmented Lagrange approach is developed. Thesimulation and numerical results are based on an IEEE 39 bus system, showing that the model issuitable and robust to analyze the impact of charging load on the grid and the correlation between thescheduling of EVs and output power of generators.

关 键 词：电动汽车 实时电价响应 多目标经济调度 改进模式搜索算法 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]