在无原则的悲观屈服与无边的想象之间——艾克斯利绿色国家理论解析  

Between Unprincipled Compromise and Unbounded Imagination:An Analysis of Eckersley's Green State Theory

作　　者：李亮[1] Li Liang

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第4期88-93,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究项目"美国生态自治主义及其批评研究"(2012SJD720004);南京林业大学青年科技创新基金项目"生态无政府主义研究"(CX2016037)

摘　　要：在主流政治学理论中有两种错误认识:一种屈服于现有的无政府主义国家体系和全球化资本主义进程,认为面对现实中对环境不负责和生态不敏感的国家我们无能为力;另一种认为国家本身就是环境问题的根源而非解决之道从而主张消解国家。艾克斯利称第一种认识为"无原则的悲观屈服",第二种认识为脱离现实的乌托邦式的"漫无边际的政治想象"。艾克斯利提出绿色国家理论试图在二者之间取得适当平衡,实现国家的绿色转型潜能。构建绿色国家的途径是生态民主与主权的绿色进化。生态民主以具有不受限制、包容性和社会学习特征的审议民主为手段,从道德、认识论、政治和制度四个层面对既有政治观念和实践提出了深刻的挑战。为了应对现实交往中的权力失衡与扭曲,艾克斯利提出生态民主实践中参加审议的政治代表多样化原则与纳入了非人类中心主义考虑的预警原则。在跨国层面,绿色国家理论基于受影响原则试图打破公民共和主义归属界限和哈贝马斯的身份界限,实现国家主权的绿色进化。绿色国家理论在价值追求上秉持一种激进的生态主义立场,但是在实践路径上它却提供了一种改良主义的方案。中国生态文明建设呼应了绿色国家理论的主张,绿色国家理论也为中国生态文明实践提供了有益的启示。There are two misconceptions in mainstream political theories: one holds that faced with the current anarchic national system and global capitalism process, we can do nothing about countries ecologically insensible and environmentally irresponsible; the other believes that states, by themselves, are the root causes of ecological crisis rather than solutions and therefore, states should be dissolved. Eckersley calls the former“unprincipled and pathetic compromise”and the latter“unbounded and utopian political imagination”. To balance compromise and imagination so as to tap the potential to shift towards a green state, Eckersley put forward a green state theory characteristic of ecological democracy and green evolution of sovereignty. Ecological democracy challenges traditional political conception and conventional practice morally, epistemologically, politically and institutionally by means of deliberative democracy featuring being unrestrained, inclusive and social reflective. In response to the power imbalance and distort, Eckersley proposes a diversity principle in political representation as well as a precaution principle with non?anthropocentrism consideration. At transnational level, green state theory attempts to promote sovereignty??s green evolution through breaking the territorial limit of civil republicanism and Habermas??s identity limit. In essence, green state theory is of a radical ecological position in values pursuit with approaches of reformism in practice. China??s eco?civilization construction echoes the green state theory while the latter supplies the former beneficial inspirations in practice.

关 键 词：生态无政府主义 绿色国家 生态民主 主权 主权绿色进化 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学]