论“小传统”——民间生态文化的传承、改造与提升  

On “Little Tradition”:Inheritance,Transformation and Improvement of Folk Ecological Culture

作　　者：赖章盛[1] Lai Zhangsheng

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第4期94-106,共13页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国特色社会主义文化发展中的生态文化建设研究"(13BKS039)

摘　　要：研究中华民族传统生态文化,不仅要探讨作为大传统的儒、道、释中所阐述的生态文化,还应该挖掘作为小传统的民间文化中的生态文化资源。而且,根据大传统与小传统的辩证关系,当代作为大传统的社会主义生态文化,需要通过将其转化为各式各样的民间小传统的形式,以利于让广大民众从心理上真正接受和认可,广泛形成对社会主义生态文明理念的价值认同,只有这样才能发挥作为大传统的主流生态文化的主导、引领作用,整合各种文化,为生态文明建设凝聚力量。笔者以客家文化为例,探讨民间文化中的生态意识及其表现形式和当代价值,其中列举了客家族群建立在经验认知基础上的顺应自然和保护自然的生态意识与行为;以信仰崇拜表现出来的尊重和崇敬自然的观念和行为;体现在风水文化之中的积极选择和改造自然环境、使人与自然环境达到"天人合一"的理想境界的不懈追求。借此说明民间生态文化作为整个民族文化的重要组成部分,也是一个民族的重要精神资源。要对民间传统生态文化正确分析和评价,取其精华,去其糟粕;要注重对民间生态文化进行针对性的改造,增强民间生态文化的时代适应性;还要努力提升民间生态文化的内涵,以时代要求和现代精神对民间传统文化加以打造,以促进民间传统文化向现代化转型。To study the Chinese traditional ecological culture, we should explore not only the ecological culture elaborated in great traditions such as Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, but also the ecological connotations in little traditions of the folk culture. Moreover, according to the dialectical relationship between the great tradition and the little tradition, the contemporary socialist ecological culture, as the great tradition, needs to be penetrated or transformed into various forms of little folk traditions to make it widely accepted as value identification of socialist eco?civilization. With the integration of all cultures, mainstream ecological culture plays a leading role in eco?civilization construction. Taking the Hakka culture as an example, this paper explores the manifestations and contemporary implications of ecological consciousness in the folk culture with illustrations of the Hakka people’s ideology and behaviors of following and protecting the nature based on their experiences and cognitions, and those of revering nature as shown in their religion, and their positive selection and transformation of the natural environment as embodied in the geomantic culture to constantly pursue the ideal state of“human?nature harmony”. The paper holds that the folk ecological culture, as an important component of the entire national culture, is an important spiritual resource of the nation. The folk ecological culture should be analyzed and evaluated: take the essence and discard the dregs. It should be properly transformed and improved based on the practices and the requirements of the times and of the modern spirit to make it applicable in modern era so as to promote the modernization of traditional folk culture.

关 键 词：小传统 民间文化 生态文化 生态文明 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]