13种竹类植物的果实形态特征  

Fruit morphological characteristics of thirteen bamboo species

作　　者：郑笑[1,2] 姜明云 张莉[1,2] 林树燕[1,3] 丁雨龙[1,3] ZHENG Xiao;JIANG Mingyun;ZHANG Li;LIN Shuyan;DING Yulong(Nanjing Forestry University CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing 210037, China;Nanjing Forestry University College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing 210037, China;Nanjing Forestry University Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing 210037, China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [3]南京林业大学竹类研究所,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《植物资源与环境学报》2016年第4期96-103,共8页Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0600901);国家林业局推广项目([2014]41号);科技支撑计划(农业)重点项目(BE2016304);江苏省林业三新工程项目(LYSX[2016]04);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：对9属13种竹类植物的果实形态特征进行了观察和描述,并对果实形态指标(包括带稃长、带稃宽、带稃长宽比、去稃长、去稃宽、去稃长宽比以及千粒质量)进行了方差分析和变异系数(CV)分析。结果表明:13种竹类植物果实均为基本型颖果,外带内、外稃,果皮质薄不开裂;外稃顶端多数不具芒;果实多具明显的腹部纵沟槽;稃片颜色多呈灰褐色、黄褐色、棕色、灰色或灰绿色;成熟果实颜色多为棕色、棕黑色、棕红色、黄棕色、灰色、灰褐色、黄褐色、黑褐色或褐色;果实形状基本为椭圆形类、卵圆形类和长圆柱形类。供试13种竹类植物间的果实带稃长、带稃宽、带稃长宽比、去稃长、去稃宽、去稃长宽比以及千粒质量均有极显著差异,并且这7个指标的种间CV值分别为34.60%、28.19%、54.63%、21.22%、27.96%、38.19%和57.38%,但各指标的种内CV值明显小于其种间CV值。综合分析结果显示:果实竹类植物果实外稃顶端是否具芒、稃片颜色、稃片对果实的包裹程度、稃片长度与果实长度的关系、去稃果实形状、成熟果实颜色、腹部纵沟槽是否明显和花柱是否宿存等特征可作为竹类植物属和种分类的参考依据;其中,果实千粒质量、带稃长宽比和去稃长宽比较果实长和宽更适合作为竹类植物种的分类依据。此外,13种竹类植物中,刚竹属(Phyllostachys Sieb.et Zucc.)刚竹组(Sect.Phyllostachys)的毛竹〔Phyllostachys edulis(Carr.)J.Houz.〕、淡竹(P.glauca Mc Clure)和乌哺鸡竹(P.vivax Mc Clure)的果实形态极其相似,均具有较长的宿存花柱,明显异于其他竹类植物的果实,可将此特征作为刚竹属种类的识别特征之一。Morphological characteristics of fruit of thirteen bamboo species in nine genera were observed and described, and variance analysis and coefficient of variation (CV) analysis on morphological indexes of fruit (including length with glume, width with glume, ratio of length to width with glume, length without glume, width without glume, ratio of length to width without glume and 1 000-grain mass) were carried out. The results show that fruits of thirteen bamboo species all are typical caryopsis with glumelleand lemma outside, thin pericarp and indehiscence; top of most lemmas without awn; most fruits withobvious longitudinal groove of abdomen; color of most glumes of taupe, tawny, brown, grey or greyishgreen; color of most mature fruits of brown, brownish black, brownish red, yellowish brown, grey,taupe, tawny, black brown or brownness; shape of fruit basically being elliptical type, ovoid type and long cylindrical type.

关 键 词：竹类植物 果实 形态特征 分类学意义 

分 类 号：Q949.714.2[生物学—植物学] S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]