2015年春节期间天津烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响  

Effect of fireworks on the air quality during the Spring Festival of 2015 in Tianjin City

作　　者：杨志文[1] 吴琳[1] 元洁[2] 李凤华[1] 袁远[1] 毛洪钧[1] YANG Zhi-wen;WU Lin;YUAN Jie;LI Feng-hua;YUAN Yuan;MAO Hong-jun(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China;Tianjin Environment Monitoring Centre, Tianjin 300191, China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]天津市环境监测中心,天津300191

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第1期69-75,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAC23B02);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY112700-02)

摘　　要：为了解2015年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对天津市空气质量的影响,在天津市环境监测中心利用在线监测仪器对环境空气中的气态污染物浓度(SO_2、O_3、NO、NO_2等)、颗粒物浓度(PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)等)、颗粒物水溶性离子、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)进行连续观测.通过烟花爆竹燃放时段和正常时段的对比,分析并探讨烟花爆竹燃放对各污染物排放特征的影响.结果表明,烟花爆竹集中燃放对PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和SO_2的影响最为显著,燃放高峰期(初一0:00),其浓度分别为284.00,428.00,714.00,283.14μg/m^3,且燃放期间,其平均值分别比非燃放期增加了2.99、2.54、2.07和3.27倍;烟花爆竹燃放对PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子K^+、Mg^(2+)、Cl^-、SO_4^(2-)、Na^+和NO_2^-影响最大,燃放高峰期,6种离子在PM_(2.5)中比例达35.28%.另外,PM_(2.5)中OC、EC浓度也在燃放高峰期出现明显的峰值(分别为:15.68、2.96μg/m^3),分别为前一小时平均浓度的2.00和1.37倍.In order to investigate the impacts of fireworks on air quality in Tianjin city,ambient concentrations of gaseouspollutants(SO2,O3,NO,NO2),particulate matters(PM1.0,PM2.5,PM10)and fractions(water-soluble ions,organic carbon,elemental carbon)were monitored online at the station of Tianjin Environment Monitoring Centre,during the SpringFestival in2015.The ambient concentrations of gaseous pollutants,particulate matter,and chemical species of PM2.5werecompared between the fireworks and non-fireworks periods.The concentrations of PM1.0,PM2.5,PM10and SO2wereheavily affected by fireworks,the concentrations of which were284.00μg/m3、428.00μg/m3、714.00μg/m3and283.14μg/m3respectively during the heavy-firework period,and among the setting off period,the mean concentrations ofwhich were increased by2.99、2.54、2.07and3.27times higher than non-discharge periods.Fireworks had great influenceon the water soluble ionic in PM2.5,especially on the potassium,chloride,sulfate,magnesium,nitrite and sodium ions,which accounted for35.28%of the PM2.5mass concentration during the peak period.At that time,the concentrations ofOC and EC were15.68μg/m3and2.96μg/m3respectively,which were2.0and1.4times of the mean concentration of theprevious hour.

关 键 词：春节 烟花爆竹 空气质量 颗粒物 化学组分 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]