青岛市土壤重金属污染的物元可拓评价  

Assessment of heavy metals pollution in soil of Qingdao based on matter-element extension model

作　　者：张晶晶[1] 马传明[1] 匡恒[1] 周爱国[1] ZHANG Jing-jing;MA Chuan-ming;KUANG Heng;ZHOU Ai-guo(School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第2期661-668,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ11B04)

摘　　要：鉴于甶各个单因素评价得到的评价结果存在一定的矛盾性,从而导致土壤重金属污染程度存在不确定性的特点,研究中引入了物元理论和可拓集理论,建立了土壤重金属污染的物元可拓模型.对常规的污染物浓度超标赋权法进行了修正,引进了Hakanson毒性响应系数,使得评价因子的权重不仅能反映污染物浓度的超标状况,还与重金属的毒理性质有关,并将其与传统的定权方法进行对比,发现其修正效果显著,突显了重金属的潜在危害程度.以青岛市为例进行评价方法实证分析:共采集83个土壤样品,在对表层土壤中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、As6种重金属元素含量进行分析的基础上,采用修正后的重金属权重以及物元可拓模型进行评价;评价结果表明青岛市土壤重金属污染等级以清洁一尚清洁为主,极个别采样点存在轻度或中度污染;模糊数学法评价结果与物元可拓模型的评价结果基本一致,验证了物元可拓模型应用于土壤重金属污染评价的可靠性.Considering that the contradictory results of single factor evaluation may lead to the uncertain degree of soilpollution in the soil heavy metals pollution assessment,matter-element and extension set theories were introduced toestablish the matter-element extension model of soil heavy metal pollution.Hakanson toxic response coefficients wasapplied to modifying the conventional method of multiple super-scale weighting,thusly the weights of different factorswould not only reflect the concentration of pollutants,but also be related to heavy-metal toxicity.In comparison withclassic method,the new method showed more remarkable correction effect of emphasizing the degree of potential hazardscaused by heavy metal.Taking Qingdao city as the study area,the above model with the new approach was used toevaluate the soilheavy metal pollution based on analyzing the contentsof heavy metal elements in the top soil,includingCu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd and As in83soil samples.The results showed that the degree of soil pollution in the study area wasmainlyclearnto slight clean,with only a few samples showing light to medium pollution.The evaluated results based onmatter-element extension model was consistent with those from traditional fuzzy-mathematical method,confirming thereliability of soil heavy metals pollution assessment for this model.

关 键 词：土壤重金属 污染评价 物元可拓模型 毒性响应系数 青岛市 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]