不同熏蒸剂杀灭无土栽培基质中尖孢镰刀菌的效果评价  

Evaluation on Effect of Different Fumigants on Fusarium oxysporum in Soilless Culture Substrates

作　　者：余宏军[1] 吕雅悠 李强[1] 艾爽[1] 李兵娟 蒋卫杰[1] YU Hong-jun;LYU Ya-you;LI Qiang;AI Shuang;LI Bing-juan;JIANG Wei-jie(Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2017年第3期46-51,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203001;201203095);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-25-C-09);农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室项目;设施蔬菜协同创新中心项目

摘　　要：通过人工接种尖孢镰刀菌于无土栽培基质,采用稀释涂抹平板法测定基质中尖孢镰刀菌的数量变化,研究威百亩、棉隆、氰氨化钙、甲醛、1,3-二氯丙烯、二甲基二硫和甲基碘7种熏蒸剂不同浓度处理及作用时间对无土栽培基质中尖孢镰刀菌的作用效果。结果表明:7种熏蒸剂均可以显著降低基质中尖孢镰刀菌的数量。其中,120mg·L-142%威百亩和300mg·L-198%棉隆熏蒸5d对尖孢镰刀菌的灭杀率达100.00%;40%甲醛稀释50倍、800mg·L-1氰氨化钙、400mg·L-1二甲基二硫、150mg·L-11,3-二氯丙烯和300mg·L-1甲基碘熏蒸8d对尖孢镰刀菌的灭杀率分别达99.07%、98.71%、96.57%、94.86%和85.00%。由此得出,威百亩和棉隆对无土栽培基质中尖孢镰刀菌的灭杀效果最显著,且熏蒸时间短,其次为甲醛与氰氨化钙。In order to study the effects of 7 kinds of fumigant,such as metham sodium,dazomet,calcium cyanamide,methanal,1,3-dichloropropylene,dimethyl disulfide and methyl iodide on Fusarium oxysporum in soilless culture substrates after treatment at different times and with different concentrations,the experiments determined the quantity changes of Fusarium oxysporum with dilution plate method through indoor culture experiments. The results showed that all 7 kinds of fumigant could significantly reduce the number of Fusarium oxysporum. After 5 days fumigation with 120 mg·L-1 42% metham sodium and 300 mg·L-1 98% dazomet,the killing rate could reach up to 100.00%;after 8 days fumigation with 50 times diluted 40% methanal,800 mg·L-1calcium cyanamide,400 mg·L-1 dimethyl disulfide,150 mg·L-1 1,3-dichloropropylene and 300 mg·L-1methyl iodide,the killing rate could reach 99.07%,98.71%,96.57%,94.86% and 85.00%,respectively.Thus,all 7 kinds of fumigant had some effects on Fusarium oxysporum,and metham sodium and dazomet had the most significant effect on controlling Fusarium oxysporum at soilless culture substrates,and yet with very short fumigation time. The next effective were methanal and calcium cyanamide.

关 键 词：熏蒸剂 无土栽培基质 尖孢镰刀菌 灭杀率 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]