肿瘤患者营养教育  

Nutrition education for cancer patients

作　　者：石汉平[1] 杨剑[2] 张艳[1] SHI Han-ping;YANG Jian;ZHANG Yan(Department of General Surgery/Medical Oncology Center, Aviation General Hospital/Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10012, China;Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院北京转化医学研究院/航空总医院肿瘤医学中心/普外科,北京100012 [2]第三军医大学大坪医院营养科,重庆400042

出　　处：《肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志》2017年第1期1-6,共6页Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer

基　　金：中国科学技术协会2016承接政府转移职能与科技公共服务工程(2016GGFZ001)

摘　　要：营养教育是营养干预的基本内容,是营养治疗的首选方法。肿瘤患者的营养教育遵循一般人群营养教育的基本原则,但更具针对性,其内容比一般人群营养教育更加丰富,包括如下10个方面:回答患者、家属及照护者提出的问题,告知营养诊断目的,完成饮食、营养与功能评价,查看实验室及仪器检查结果,传授营养知识、提出饮食、营养建议,介绍肿瘤的病理生理知识,讨论个体化营养干预方案,告知营养干预可能遇到的问题及对策,预测营养干预效果,规划并实施营养随访。研究证明,肿瘤患者营养教育是一项经济、实用而且有效的措施。营养教育不仅仅是传授饮食、营养知识,更加重要的是学习如何改善营养,改变饮食行为,养成良好的饮食、营养习惯,从而改善营养与健康。因此,营养教育是一个长期的过程,是一个养成的过程。肿瘤患者由于营养不良发生率更高、原因更加复杂、后果更为严重,因而更加需要接受长期的营养教育,以缩短住院时间,减少并发症,改善临床结局,进而提高生活质量,延长生存时间。Nutrition education is an essential component of nutrition intervention and a preferred method of nutrition therapy.Nutrition education for cancer patients follows the basic principles of nutrition education in the general population,but more targeted and more rich in its content,including10aspects:answer questions from patients/family/caretakers,outline the aim of nutrition diagnosis,evaluate dietary,nutrition and function status,review lab and instrument exam,deliver dietary and nutrition suggestion,clarify cancer pathophysiology,scheme nutrition intervention,inform nutrition intervention complication and solution,predict the result of nutrition intervention,plan and carry out nutrition follow-up.Studies have shown that nutrition education to cancer patients is an economic,practical and effective measure.Nutrition education is not only imparting knowledge of diet and nutrition,moreimportant is learning how to improve the nutrition status,changing in eating behavior,forming good habits of diet and nutrition,inorder to improve patients’nutrition status and health.Therefore,nutrition education is a long-term process and a form of process.Due to higher malnutrition rate,more complex causes and more serious outcomes,cancer patients thus need more to accept a long-term nutrition education,to shorten the length of hospital stay,to reduce the complications and to improve clinical outcomes,and finally to improve the quality of life and prolong survival time.

关 键 词：肿瘤患者 营养教育 肿瘤治疗 生活质量 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]