湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区珍稀植物瘿椒树群落研究  

Study on the national rare and endangered key protected plants Tapiscia sinensis community in Taoyuandong National Nature Reserve,Hunan Province

作　　者：张记军[1] 陈艺敏[2] 刘忠成[1] 王蕾[1] 杨书林 廖文波[2] ZHANG Jijun;CHEN Yimin;LIU Zhongcheng;WANG Lei;YANG Shulin;LIAO Wenbo(College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;Administration Bureau of Taoyuandong National Nature Reserve, Yanling, Hunan 412500, China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [3]湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区管理局,炎陵412500

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第1期9-16,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项<罗霄山脉地区生物多样性综合科学考察>(2013FY111500);2014-2015年度广东省本科教学质量和教学改革(2014-140;2015-17)

摘　　要：瘿椒树(Tapiscia sinensis)属于中国特有科、特有属,也是第三纪孑遗种、国家珍稀濒危保护植物,对研究瘿椒树科(Tapisciaceae)的系统发育及其区系地理学具有重要意义。针对湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区的瘿椒树优势群落进行样地调查,并对物种组成、群落结构和物种多样性等进行分析,结果表明:(1)该群落共有维管植物134种,隶属于64科90属,其中蕨类植物6科10属16种,种子植物58科80属118种;种子植物组成其地理成分以热带分布属占优势,为52.00%,温带分布属亦较丰富,占48.00%,表现出明显的亚热带山地性质。(2)群落垂直结构明显,乔木层可分为三个亚层,以中华槭(Acer sinense)、瘿椒树、薄叶润楠(Machilus leptophylla)和灯台树(Cornus controversa)为主要优势种,其重要值依次为:67.85、37.86、18.54和16.93;灌木层以蜡莲绣球(Hydrangea strigosa)、格药柃(Eurya muricata)和尖叶连蕊茶(Camellia cuspidata)为优势种,重要值分别为79.98、32.23和31.87。(3)群落各频度级分布规律为A>B>C=D<E,与Raunkiaer频度定律A>B>C≥D<E几乎一致,表明该群落具有良好的稳定性;但从优势种群中华槭、瘿椒树、灯台树、海通的年龄结构分析,其皆为倒金字塔形,即为衰退种群,仅薄叶润楠为增长种群,表明该群落是一个成熟群落,处于发展的高级阶段,在演替上属于顶级、亚顶级状态。(4)群落的Simpson多样性指数E=0.92,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H=3.06,pielou均匀度指数EH=0.84。通过比较显示,该群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与典型中亚热带常绿阔叶林相当。Tapiscia sinensis,a tertiary relict species,which belongs to Chinese endemic families and endemic genera,is also astate rare and endangered key protected plant.It is significant to the study of phylogeny and floristic geography of familyTapisciaceae.According to the field survey of Tapiscia sinensis dominant community in Taoyuandong National Nature Reserve,Hunan Province in this paper,authors analyzed the species composition,community structure and species diversity.The resultsshowed are as follows.(1)There are134species of vascular plants,belonging to64families and90genera.Among them,16species of pteridophytes are belonged to10genera and6families,and118species of seed plants are belonged to80genera and58families.The community is composed of tropical genera(52.00%)and temperate genera(48.00%),which was characterized by theobvious subtropical mountain property.(2)The community vertical structure is obvious,and the tree layer can be divided into threelayers.The dominant species in the tree layer mainly are Acer sinense,Tapiscia sinensis,Machilus leptophylla and Cornuscontroversa with the important values of67.85,37.86,18.54and16.93respectively;in the shrub layer,Hydrangea strigosa,Euryamuricata and Camellia cuspidata are main dominant species,and the important values are79.98,32.23and31.87respectively.(3)The frequency grade of the community is A>B>C=D<E,which is similar to the Raunkiaer’s law of frequency.It shows that thecommunity has better stability.The analysis for the age structure of the dominant community of Acer sinense,Tapiscia sinensis,Cornus controversa and Clerodendrum mandarinorum shows that they are inverse pyramid forms,so they are the declinepopulation;only Machilus leptophylla is increasing population.It indicates that the community is a mature community,with anadvanced stage of development,and belonged to the climax state or subclimax stage.(4)In this community,Simpson diversityindex is E=0.92,Shannon-Wiener diversity index is H=3.06,and Pielou evenness index is EH=0.84.Comparison shows that the

关 键 词：瘿椒树 群落 珍稀濒危种 物种多样性 湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q948.157[生物学—植物学]