聊城市水岸带土壤重金属含量及污染评价  

Heavy metal concentrations and pollution assessment of riparian soils in Liaocheng City

作　　者：罗庆芳[1] 张菊[1] 蒋磊[1] 鲁长娟 郭娜[1] 张泉翔 李汪洋[1] LUO Qingfang;ZHANG Ju;JIANG Lei;LU Changjuan;GUO Na;ZHANG Quanxiang;LI Wangyang(School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学环境与规划学院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第1期209-214,共6页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41401563);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2014JL028;ZR2013DL003);国家级大学生创业创新计划(201410447043);聊城大学大学生科技文化创新基金(SF2014073;SF2014084;26312151008)

摘　　要：为了解聊城市水岸带土壤重金属的含量和污染状况,于2015年1月采集了58个水岸带土壤样品,分析了土壤中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg和As的含量以及土壤的p H值和有机质,采用单因子指数法、综合指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对水岸带土壤重金属污染进行了评价,并采用相关分析和聚类分析对其来源进行了初步的解析。结果表明,聊城市水岸带土壤的p H值为7.21—9.98,呈碱性;有机质的平均含量为13.10 g·kg^(–1);Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg和As的平均含量分别为68.2 mg·kg^(–1)、31.6 mg·kg^(–1)、44.2 mg·kg^(–1)、391.9 mg·kg^(–1)、0.162 mg·kg^(–1)和10.58 mg·kg^(–1),与《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)二级标准值相比,除Zn外其它重金属元素均可达标,Zn平均含量约为二级标准值的1.3倍。以山东省土壤元素背景值为评价标准,水岸带土壤重金属总体表现为重度污染和较高的生态危害,其中Hg和Zn是主要的污染因子和生态危害因子,Hg对潜在生态危害指数的平均贡献率为80.3%。源解析的结果表明,水岸带土壤重金属的含量主要受到人为源的影响,人为源主要包括交通运输、地表径流、农药肥料、垃圾和工业废气等。A total of58riparian soil samples were collected in main rivers and lakes in Liaocheng City in January2015.Concentrations of heavy metals,such as Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hg and As,as well as some basic physiochemical properties,includingpH and organic matter content,were measured.Based on the soil background concentrations of heavy metals in ShandongProvince as standards,single factor indices and comprehensive indices of heavy metals were calculated to assess the degree ofheavy metal contamination.The potential ecological risk index method was applied to evaluate the ecological risk of heavymetal contamination in riparian soil.The results showed that the riparian soil was alkaline with a pH range of7.21-9.98.Theorganic matter content was2.07-41.42g·kg–1with an average of13.10g·kg–1.The average concentrations of Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hgand As were68.2mg·kg–1,31.6mg·kg–1,44.2mg·kg–1,391.9mg·kg–1,0.162mg·kg–1and10.58mg·kg–1,respectively,whichwere all lower than the heavy metal limit values of the classⅡenvironmental standard for soil in China(GB15618-1995),except for Zn.The average of Zn concentrations was about1.3times of the standard value.Heavy metal pollution in ripariansoil was generally heavy and posed relatively high ecological risk.Hg and Zn were the main pollution factors and ecologicalrisk factors.Hg most contributed to the ecological risk with an average ratio of80.3%.Correlation analysis and hierarchicalcluster analysis were used to identify the sources of heavy metals in the riparian soils.The results showed that the heavy metalconcentrations in riparian soils were mainly determined by the external sources related to human activities.Specifically,Pb,Zn and Cu were associated with vehicle emissions and contaminated surface runoff.As might be related to agricultural pollutionsources such as the application of pesticide and fertilizer;Hg probably derived from domestic solid waste and atmosphericprecipitation of industrial waste gas,and only Cr largely originated from soil parent material.

关 键 词：重金属 土壤 水岸带 污染评价 源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]