太行山区主要森林生态系统水源涵养能力  

Water conservation capacity of forest ecosystems in Taihang Mountain

作　　者：马维玲[1] 石培礼[1,2] 宗宁[1] 赵广帅[1,2] 柴曦 耿守保[1,2] MA Weiling;SHI Peili;ZONG Ning;ZHAO Guangshuai;CHAI Xi;GENG Shoubao(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100190

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第4期478-489,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB452705)资助~~

摘　　要：森林生态系统水源涵养功能是林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层对大气降水进行再分配的过程。本文通过文献收集整理太行山地区森林植被林冠一次降水截留量、枯落物层持水量和土壤层贮水量数据,分析该地区主要森林植被对降水的截留和贮蓄能力,采用综合蓄水能力法对森林植被的综合涵养水源能力进行评价,旨在为合理经营和管理森林生态系统提供依据。结果表明:1)土壤非毛管孔隙度与生态系统综合持水量呈正相关,且最大持水量占整个森林生态系统综合持水量的90%以上,表明土壤层作为森林生态系统水文效应最重要的一层,是整个森林系统水分循环的主要贮蓄库和调节器;2)针叶林中油松和侧柏的冠层一次降水截留量显著高于其他林型,其林冠结构更加适应该地区气象条件,林冠层降水再分配能力也优于其他林型;3)混交林郁闭度低,有利于林下灌、草丛的生长,其枯落物现存量比纯林和人工林更高,虽然林冠一次截留量低但林下具有丰富的枯落物层而更易涵养水源;4)天然林综合蓄水能力整体高于人工林,侧柏人工林和油松人工林综合蓄水能力仅次于刺槐、侧柏和油松天然林。综上可见,合理利用森林资源防止水土流失、天然林长期封育和合理控制优势树种密度及增加植被覆盖率对太行山地区植被恢复和生态建设具有重要意义。为提高该区综合水源涵养能力,可增加乡土树种油松和侧柏人工林的种植面积。Water conservation is a comprehensive water resources regulatory function of forest ecosystems through various hydrological processes, including canopy interception, litter containment and soil retention. As a typical northern rocky mountain area, Taihang Mountain is characterized by low rainfall with uneven seasonal distribution, shallow soil, low soil water-holding capacity and fragile environment. In spite of this, Taihang Mountain is an important ecological security shelter for the water sources belt in the North China Plain. Water has become one of the key limiting factors for the protection and restoration of vegetation in the region. Therefore, comparative analysis of water conservation capacities of main forest vegetation types is needed for development of feasible measures for water conservation and sustainable water security in the region. In this paper, we selected 196 records of canopy interception, litter and soil water carrying capacity in the natural deciduous broad-leaved forest, artificial deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, natural coniferous forest, coniferous forest and shrubs in the mountain region. We integrated water storage capacity with canopy rainfall interception, litter and soil water-holding capacity and then analyze water carrying capacities of main forest vegetation types in the area. Forest integrated water conservation capacity was calculated using a water conservation function for forest ecosystems. The results showed that: 1) soil non-capillary porosity had positive correlation with integrated water holding capacity of the ecosystem and the maximum soil water-holding capacity accounted for over 90% of the total water capacity of forest ecosystems in the region. It was revealed that soil layer, as the main water reservoir, was the most important layer for hydrological processes in the forests. 2) Coniferous forests such as Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis were more suitable for regional meteorological conditions. Redistribution capacity of precipitation by c

关 键 词：太行山区 森林植被类型 水源涵养 综合蓄水能力 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]