Fe,N,S-doped porous carbon as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst in acidic medium with high activity and durability synthesized using CaCl_2 as template  

以CaCl_2为模板合成的高活性和高稳定性铁、氮、硫共掺杂多孔碳氧还原电催化剂（英文）

作　　者：Chi Chen Zhiyou Zhou Yucheng Wang Xue Zhang Xiaodong Yang Xinsheng Zhang Shigang Sun 陈驰;周志有;王宇成;张雪;杨晓冬;张新胜;孙世刚(华东理工大学化工学院,化学工程联合国家重点实验室,上海200237;厦门大学化学化工学院,能源材料化学协同创新中心,固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005)

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237,China [2]State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》2017年第4期673-682,共10页催化学报（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2015CB932303);the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (21373175,21621091)~~

摘　　要：Proton exchange membrane fuel cells suffer from the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and the high cost of Pt catalysts.In the present work,a high‐performance ORR catalystbased on Fe,N,S‐doped porous carbon(FeNS‐PC)was synthesized using melamine formaldehyderesin as C and N precursors,Fe(SCN)3as Fe and S precursors,and CaCl2as a template via a two‐stepheat treatment without a harsh template removal step.The results show that the catalyst treated at900℃(FeNS‐PC‐900)had a high surface area of775m2/g,a high mass activity of10.2A/g in anacidic medium,and excellent durability;the half‐wave potential decreased by only20mV after10000potential cycles.The FeNS‐PC‐900catalyst was used as the cathode in a proton exchangemembrane fuel cell and delivered a peak power density of0.49W/cm2.FeNS‐PC‐900therefore hasgood potential for use in practical applications.燃料电池是一种可将化学能通过电催化反应直接转化成电能的装置,具有能量密度高和清洁无污染等优点.燃料电池阴极氧还原反应(ORR)的动力学较迟缓,是电池能量效率损失的主要原因.目前ORR催化活性最高的是铂基催化剂,但由于贵金属铂价格昂贵,储量稀少,且对燃料小分子渗透的抗性较差,严重制约了燃料电池的大规模应用.因此,高性能、低成本的非贵金属催化剂成为燃料电池领域的研究热点.本文选用含氮量高达45%的三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为碳源和氮源,Fe(SCN)_3为铁源和硫源,以CaCl_2为模板,在高温和铁的催化作用下将树脂碳化,经酸洗和二次热处理工艺,制备出铁、氮、硫共掺杂的多孔碳(FeNS-PC).干燥后的CaCl_2颗粒可防止树脂在高温下交联形成块状碳颗粒,同时起到造孔模板的作用.CaCl_2颗粒在温和条件下即可除去,无需强腐蚀性条件,因此不会对催化活性中心造成破坏.在Fe/N/C催化剂中掺杂S可进一步提高催化活性,不添加碳载体可避免低活性的碳载体降低质量活性,多孔结构可促进传质,充分利用活性位点.我们优化了热处理温度,并对催化剂的结构、组分及催化性能等进行了表征分析.结果表明,热处理温度为900℃时,可将树脂完全转化成多孔碳,并获得较高的杂原子掺杂量,可达到最优活性.CaCl_2为模板剂可避免使用强腐蚀性试剂去除模板,有利于保留活性位,并得到多孔结构.FeNS-PC-900的比表面积可达775 m^2/g.得益于原位掺杂的合成工艺,各掺杂元素在多孔碳表面均匀分布.在酸性介质中,FeNS-PC-900的半波电位可达到0.811V,仅比商业Pt/C催化剂低78mV;在0.8V电位下的质量活性为10.2A/g,表现出优异的催化活性.经过10000圈加速衰减测试后,其半波电位仅下降了20mV,在0.75V电位下持续放电10000s后,其ORR电流仍保持初始电流的84.4%,具有比Pt/C更加优异的稳定性.以FeNS-PC-900为阴极催化剂

关 键 词：Non‐precious metal catalyst Oxygen reduction reaction Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Fe  N  S‐doped porous carbon Melamine formaldehyde resin 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学] TM911.4[理学—化学]