4种有机物料对铅胁迫下小麦生长及产量特征的修复效应  

The Remediation of Growth and Yield Characteristics of Wheat under Pb Stress by Four Kinds of Organic Materials

作　　者：邵云[1] 陈静雯[1] 李学梅[1] 崔景明[1] 王温澎 李昊烊 SHAO Yun;CHEN Jingwen;LI Xuemei;CUI Jingming;WANG Wenpeng;LI Haoyang(College of life science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第2期315-322,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0300203-3);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B07)

摘　　要：农田土壤铅(Pb)污染对作物的生长及光合的动态变化、产量特征以及品质安全都有影响,向污染土壤中施用有机物料能够改变重金属生物可利用性以及土壤结构和养分组成,对缓解作物生长发育所受胁迫具有现实意义。采用盆栽试验方法研究了4种有机物料即秸秆、鸡粪、菌渣和生物炭对600 mg·kg^(-1) Pb胁迫下小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生长及产量特征的影响,并分析了小麦籽粒中Pb质量分数及富集系数的变化,为不同有机物料在农田Pb污染修复中的应用提供理论基础。结果表明,越冬期Pb处理对小麦生长有促进作用,而后期则显著降低了花后15 d的F_v/F_0,以及成熟期小麦干物质积累量、穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重、产量,同时提高了籽粒中Pb的质量分数,达到0.826 5 mg·kg^(-1);在污染土壤中添加6 g·kg^(-1)鸡粪显著提高了成熟期小麦的干物质积累量、穗长和产量;添加150 g·kg^(-1)菌渣显著促进了花期和成熟期小麦根伸长和干物质积累,提高了成熟期穗长、穗粒重和产量,该处理下单盆作物产量最大,达到23.22 g·pot^(-1),其成熟期土壤和籽粒中Pb质量分数也最低,分别为466.06 mg·kg^(-1)和0.493 1 mg·kg^(-1);添加50 g·kg^(-1)生物炭后小麦花后15 d和30 d的净光合速率(Pn)分别提高了26.30%和15.41%,花期株高和成熟期干物质积累量、穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重、产量也显著提高,同时籽粒中Pb质量分数显著降低;添加3 g·kg^(-1)秸秆的处理对小麦生长的影响不显著。Soil lead(Pb)pollution has an effect on crop growth and photosynthetic dynamics,yield characteristics and quality safety.The application of organic materials to contaminated soil can change the bioavailability of heavy metals and soil structure andnutrients,which has practical significance of alleviating Pb stress on crop growth.A series of pot experiment were carried out toinvestigate the effect of straw,chicken manure,mushroom cultivating residue and biochar on the growth and yield characteristics ofwheat and Pb content of wheat grains with addition of Pb600mg·kg-1.The results showed that the treatment of adding Pbsignificantly decreased aboveground biomass,spike length,grain number per spike,grain weight per spike and yield of wheat atmaturity,and also reduced Fv/F0at15days after anthesis,while increased aboveground biomass at wintering period,and the Pbcontent in grains was raised to0.8265mg·kg-1.After adding6g·kg-1of chicken manure in contaminated soil,the abovegroundbiomass,spike length and yield at maturity were significantly increased.The addition of150g·kg-1of mushroom cultivating residuesignificantly improved root elongation and biomass accumulation at anthesis and maturity,and increased spike length,grain weightas well as grain yield which reached23.22g·pot-1at maturity,meanwhile decreased the Pb content in grain to0.4931mg·kg-1.Withaddition of50g·kg-1of biochar,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)at15days and30days after flowering of wheat was significantlyincreased by26.30%and15.41%respectively,and the aboveground biomass,spike length,grain number per spike,grain weight perspike and grain yield at maturity had also been raised,while the Pb content in grains was decreased significantly.However,theremediation of3g·kg-1straw on the growth of wheat under600mg·kg-1Pb stress hasn’t been seen clearly.

关 键 词：小麦 铅胁迫 有机物料 生长 产量 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]