灌水下限与毛管埋深对温室番茄生长的影响  

Effects of irrigation threshold and lateral depth on tomato growth in greenhouse

作　　者：古君[1] 牛文全[1,2] 吕望[2] 李元[1] 梁博惠 郭丽丽[2] GU Jun;NIU Wenquan;LYU Wang;LI Yuan;LIANG Bohui;GUO Lili(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第5期698-707,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51679205)资助~~

摘　　要：为探明番茄根系生长与水分分布之间的互反馈机制,通过日光温室地下滴灌试验,设置了4种毛管埋深(0 cm、10 cm、20 cm和30 cm)和3种灌水下限(保持土壤含水量为50%、60%和75%田间持水量),研究了不同灌水下限与毛管埋深对番茄根系生长及干物质分配的影响。研究结果表明,轻度、中轻度水分亏缺(灌水下限为75%和60%田间持水量)时,毛管埋深对番茄耗水量有显著影响,10~20 cm毛管埋深提高番茄耗水量。毛管埋深增加会减少0~20 cm土层根系分布,促进20~60 cm土层根系生长;毛管埋深对0~10 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm土层根系生长影响显著,对50~60 cm土层根系生长无显著影响。灌水下限对细根(d<1 mm)、粗根(d>1mm)的根长与根表面积影响显著,毛管埋深对细根的根长与根表面积有显著影响;轻度水分亏缺及20 cm毛管埋深有利于细根根长和根表面积生长,减少粗根比例。本研究结果表明,轻度水分亏缺及毛管埋深为20 cm更有利于全株干物质积累,灌水下限为75%田间持水量能够增加根系干物质分配比例,而20 cm毛管埋深则能促进干物质向茎叶转移且减少根系干物质的分配比例。Soil water is critical for crop growth,yield and water use efficiency.In order to study mutual responsive mechanism between root growth and different irrigation methods(e.g.,deficit and lateral irrigation)on soil water distribution,root distribution and dry matter distribution in tomato,a test of subsurface drip irrigation was conducted in a sunlit greenhouse in Dazhai Villiage,Dazhai Town,Yangling City,Shaanxi Province.The study was designed as a2-factor experiment-lateral depth(D)and irrigation threshold(I).The lateral depth was divided into4levels(0cm,10cm,20cm and30cm)below the surface of ridges and the irrigation threshold set at50%,60%and75%of field capacity.Each treatment was repeated3times.The results showed that lateral depth had a significant effect on water consumption of tomato under mild water deficit(75%of field capacity)and moderate-mild water deficit(60%of field capacity)conditions,while lateral depth of10-20cm was much better for root water uptake than other treatments.Increase in lateral depth reduced the distribution of roots in the0-20cm soil layer,but promoted the growth of roots in the20-60cm soil layer.Lateral depth had a significant effect on root growth in the0-10cm,20-30cm and30-40cm soil layers,but had no significant effect on root growth in the50-60cm soil layer.Root length and root surface area of fine roots(with diameter less than1mm)and coarse roots(diameter greater than1mm)of tomato were significantly affected by irrigation threshold.However,lateral depth only had a significantly effect on root length and root surface area of fine roots.Then mild water deficit and lateral depth of20cm favored root length and surface area growth of fine roots,but reduced the growth of coarse roots.Mild water deficit and lateral depth of20cm better favored total dry matter accumulation,while the75%of field capacity treatment increased root dry matter allocation.Then lateral depth of20cm promoted dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves,but reduced the distribution ratio of root dry matter.For the

关 键 词：地下滴灌 毛管埋深 灌水下限 根系分布 干物质分配 番茄 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]