新型缓释尿素肥效与功能材料添加量的关系  

Effects of adding proportions of functional absorption materials on performance of new slow-release urea

作　　者：吴振宇[1] 杨阳[2] 周子军[2] 倪晓宇[2] 余立祥[2] 陆荷微 刘斌美[2] 吴跃进[2] 王钰[1] WU Zhenyu;YANG Yang;ZHOU Zijun;NI Xiaoyu;YU Lixiang;LU Hewei;LIU Binmei;WU Yuejin;WANG Yu(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;Institute of Technical Biology &Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第5期740-748,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31601828);中国科学院院企合作重大项目(Y19HX14702);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)项目(KFJ-EW-STS-083)资助;安徽省重大科技攻关项目(15czz03129)~~

摘　　要：本研究利用煤汽化尿素生产工艺制备6种改性缓释尿素(功能性吸附材料添加量分别为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%和6%),通过砂柱淋溶、氨挥发气室试验和田间玉米试验,以普通尿素为对照,分析功能性吸附材料添加量与尿素缓释特征和田间肥效的关系,探讨适于玉米生产的改性缓释尿素功能性吸附材料最优添加量,为基质缓释肥的研发与农业应用提供借鉴。结果表明:缓释尿素中氮素释放特征可用一级动力学方程N_t=N_0(1-e^(-bx))拟合,其氮素释放速率常数(b)比普通尿素下降67.4%~82.6%,累积氨挥发损失比普通尿素下降15.8%~39.3%。玉米栽培试验中,耕层土壤速效氮含量随功能性吸附材料添加量的提高呈增加趋势,同时玉米叶片中叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性呈增加趋势。借助一元三次模型拟合玉米产量性状与功能性吸附材料添加量的关系发现,功能性吸附材料添加量为5.28%、4.80%、5.24%和4.76%的缓释尿素可分别获得理论最高玉米生物学产量(15 829 kg·hm^(-2))、地上部生物量(164.0 g·plant^(-1))、根系生物量(26.9 g·plant^(–1))和籽粒产量(6 769 kg·hm^(–2))。综上,基质型缓释尿素的功能性吸附材料具有较好的减少氮素淋溶和氨挥发、改善玉米氮素营养、提高玉米产量的作用,5%的添加量更有利于玉米生物量和产量提高。Nitrogen fertilization enhances crop productivity.However,common nitrogen fertilizers have some drawbacks(e.g.,high risk of nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization)which lead to environmental and economic problems.The devel opment and application of new types of high-efficiency fertilizers such as matrix-based slow-release fertilizer is a possible solution to these drawbacks.Matrix-based slow-release fertilizer has the advantages of simple production process,low cost and stable performance.The added proportion of modified functional absorption materials affects the performance,effective component content and production cost of slow-release fertilizers.However,little is known about the relationship between the added proportion of functional absorption materials and performance of slow-release urea.The objective of this study was to assess the effects of added proportion of functional absorption materials on the performance of a new materials-based slow-release urea.The tested functional absorption materials were modified zeolite and bentonite by using organic polymer.The nitrogen loss characteristics and field crop performance of the functional absorption materials-based slow-release urea(SRU)were analyzed using sand leaching,ammonia emission chamber and field maize experiment methods.Experimental ntreatments mainly consisted of common urea(CU,as control),and six SRUs added1%,2%,3%,4%,5%and6%functional absorption materials,respectively.Then nitrogen release characteristics of urea were described using the first-order kinetic model.In field conditions,soil in the plough layer(0?20cm)and ear leaves of maize were sampled at silking stage for measurement of soil available nitrogen concentration,leaf chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity.The optimal added proportion of functional absorption materials in slow-release urea was calculated using a polynomial model.Results showed that the highest nitrogen leaching ratio occurred at the first leaching-i.e.,81.6%in common urea treatment and27.7%42.8%in SRU t

关 键 词：缓释尿素 功能性吸附材料 最佳添加量 氮素释放速率 累积氨挥发 籽粒产量 玉米 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学]