不同蔬菜种植模式对土壤淋溶水总氮、总磷和COD的影响  

Effect of vegetable cropping system on total nitrogen, phosphorus and COD in farmland leachate

作　　者：滕艳敏[1] 韩卉[1] 郝梓依 杨合法[2] 李季[1] TENG Yanmin;HAN Hui;HAO Ziyi;YANG Hefa;LI Ji1(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;Quzhou Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Quzhou 057250, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学曲周实验站,曲周057250

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第5期759-768,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2013BAD20B01);环保公益性行业科研专项项目(201309036)资助~~

摘　　要：以中国农业大学曲周实验站始于2002年的日光温室有机蔬菜长期定位试验为基础,采用渗漏计装置收集地下1 m深淋溶水,通过测定2014年春茬茄子与秋茬芹菜土壤淋溶水总氮、总磷和化学需氧量(COD),研究不同蔬菜种植模式(有机、综合、常规)下土壤养分淋失情况。结果表明:有机模式总氮淋失量两茬蔬菜之和为137.02 kg·hm^(-2),分别比综合和常规模式减少12.0%和25.9%;总磷淋失量两茬蔬菜之和为18.23 kg·hm^(-2),分别比综合和常规模式高51.2%和119.9%;淋溶水COD两茬蔬菜之和为856.99 kg·hm^(-2),分别比综合和常规模式高32.4%和3.1%。3种模式下不同时期淋溶水总氮、总磷与COD变化趋势差异显著。春茬茄子总氮淋失量前期维持在较高水平,追肥后出现峰值,之后迅速降低,进入6月份后一直在较低水平波动;总磷淋失量变化相对平缓,呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,6—7月间达到峰值;淋溶水COD前期稍有降低,追肥前达到最低值,进入5月份后到茄子季结束呈现逐渐上升的趋势。综上,有机种植模式在减少氮素淋失方面较综合和常规模式表现出优势,但会显著增加磷素淋失风险,并在一定程度上提高淋溶水COD。At present,China has the largest land area under greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the world.Greenhouse production has frequently been associated with excessive fertilizer use and high proportion of organic fertilizer input.These factors have induced changes in soil nutrient content and physicochemical properties,and enhanced leaching of soil nitrogen and phosphorus.However,comparative investigations of soil nutrient losses due to leaching in conventional greenhouse vegetable cropping systems have been inconclusive.Thus this study investigated long-term field trials of three different greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in terms of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)leach ing.The experiment,started in March2002,was carried out in three side-by-side greenhouses with three cropping systems-(1)organic system(ORG),in accordance with IFOAM Basic Standards by using only compost and physical and biological control;(2)integrated system(INT),with lower inputs of agro-chemicals and compost;(3)conventional system(CON),with chemical fertilizers and composts applied in accordance with local practices.The application rates of compost and chemical fertilizer in the INT system was half of those in the ORG and CON systems.While pest control in ORG included physical control and biological fungicide,sulfur fumigation was used to control plant diseases.In the INT and CON systems,insecticides and fungicides were used to control insects and diseases.Each treatment was applied to the entire greenhouse.Chemical fertilizer was in the form of urea,calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride at the ratio of3∶5∶4.Compost composed of cow manure,dry chicken manure and straw with VT microbial agent.All three systems were under the same irrigation scheme and13times of flood irrigation was used during the two seasons in2014in each cropping system,with single-event irrigation amount of975m3·hm2.Leaching soil water at about1m deep was collected using lysimeter within46days after each irrigation and the

关 键 词：日光温室 蔬菜 种植模式 土壤淋溶水 总氮 总磷 COD 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]