重庆市规模化畜禽养殖氨排放特征及减排策略研究  

Characteristics of ammonia emission from large-scale livestock/poultry breeding and its mitigation countermeasures in Chongqing

作　　者：廖仁郡 陈玉成[1] LIAO Renjun;CHEN Yuchen(Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education / College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室/西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第5期769-777,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAL04B01)资助~~

摘　　要：随着空气质量和畜禽养殖污染问题日益严峻,快速发展的规模化畜禽养殖面临的环境压力不断增大,明确规模化畜禽养殖的氨排放量及其排放特征,可为大气环境管理和畜禽养殖污染防治提供科学依据及对策。本文根据重庆市规模化畜禽养殖业氨排放系数和活动水平数据,估算了重庆市2013年规模化畜禽养殖业氨排放量,分析氨排放特征,并探讨了相应的氨减排措施。结果表明,2013年重庆市规模化畜禽养殖氨排放总量为17 102.92 t,排放强度为0.21 t·km^(-2);合川、丰都和潼南依次是规模化畜禽养殖业氨排放量最大的3个区县,排放份额共占总排放量的30.19%;从空间分布特征来看,璧山区为氨排放强度最大的区县,其排放强度为1.17 t·km^(-2),氨排放强度最小的是城口县,为0.01 t·km^(-2);在全局空间区域上,重庆市规模化畜禽养殖氨排放空间分布存在显著的空间正相关;局部空间区域上有4个区县呈现"高-高"类型区,5个区县呈现"低-低"类型区,没有出现"高-低"或"低-高"类型区。规模化生猪养殖是重庆市畜禽养殖业最大的氨排放贡献源,排放量达9 538.63 t,贡献率为55.80%;其次是蛋鸡,其贡献率为15.87%。畜禽在圈舍、储存管理和后续利用(施肥)3个阶段的氨排放量不同,家禽在圈舍阶段的氨排放贡献率均超过60%,其次是后续利用(施肥)阶段,尿粪储存阶段氨排放量最小;家畜氨排放贡献率最高的是后续利用(施肥)阶段,其次是圈舍内的排放,储存阶段释放的氨量很少。奶牛养殖是减排的重点控制源,规模化畜禽养殖主要减排措施包括低氮饲料喂养、畜舍改造、粪便加盖或密封以及粪肥注施等。With environmental concerns raised on air quality and livestock/poultry industries,there has been an increasing pressure on rapidly developing large-scale livestock/poultry breeding to take actions to mitigate these concerns.As such,it was necessary to explore ammonia emission from large-scale livestock/poultry industries and its characteristics for management of air quality and prevention of livestock/poultry pollution driven by sound scientific knowledge and countermeasures.With data on ammonia emission from large-scale livestock/poultry breeding and the related coefficients,this study calculated the amount of ammonia emission in2013in large-scale livestock/poultry breeding in Chongqing.The paper also analyzed the characteris tics of ammonia emission and the corresponding mitigation countermeasures for large-scale livestock/poultry breeding.The results showed that total ammonia emission from large-scale livestock/poultry breeding in Chongqing was17102.92t in2013and the emission intensity was0.21t·km2.Hechuan,Fengdu and Tongnan were the top three counties for ammonia emission,with their contribution accounting for30.19%of the total ammonia emission.Jiangbei County had the least ammonia emission in Chongqing.Ammonia emission intensity for Bishan County was the highest,followed by Hechuan County,with respective emission intensity of1.17t·km2and1.09t·km2.Chengkou County had the least,with emission intensity of0.01t·km2.Based on the spatial distribution characteristics,there was significant spatial auto-correlation in the spatial distribution of ammonia emission from large-scale livestock/poultry breeding industries in Chongqing.Through localized spatial auto-correlation analysis,it was noted that four counties belonged to high-high type,five counties belonged to low-low type and none belonged to high-low type or low-high type of spatial distribution of ammonia emission.Pig breeding was the highest contributor to ammonia emission,with9538.63t of emitted ammonia which accounted for55.80%of total large-scale lives

关 键 词：规模化畜禽养殖 氨排放 管理阶段 减排措施 重庆 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]