广西2005—2015年狂犬病的流行危害及特征  

Epidemiological characteristics and harmfulness of rabies from 2005 to 2015 in Guangxi,China

作　　者：潘沛江 莫建军[1] 阳益萍[1] 何为涛[1] 王晶[1] 蒋丽娜[1] 周树武[1] 谭毅[1] PAN Pei-jiang;MO Jian-jun;YANG Yi-ping;HE Wei-tao;WANG Jing;JIANG Li-na;ZHOU Shu-wu;TAN Yi(Guangxi Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《应用预防医学》2017年第2期95-99,共5页Applied Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对广西2005—2015年狂犬病的流行危害进行描述和分析,掌握疫情流行特征和相关因素,为制定有效的狂犬病防制措施提供科学依据。方法采用Excel 2007、SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行分析,描述三间分布;ArcGIS 10.2软件绘制发病率等级地图。结果 2005—2015年广西共报告狂犬病病例3 401例,年平均发病率为0.654/10万;狂犬病发病数占法定、乙类传染病平均比重分别为0.09%、0.20%,死亡数占法定、乙类传染病平均比重分别为14.21%、14.58%。报告病例数前五位地市为贵港市、桂林市、玉林市、钦州市、来宾市,发病总和占全区的51.76%。男女发病比例为2.56∶1,高发年龄段为0~15岁(占21.38%)与35~70岁(占60.63%),夏秋季多发,以农民为主(占71.13%)。总体呈散发流行,其发病率在各县(区)有所差别,存在高发区域。结论近年来广西狂犬病疫情保持平缓下降态势,但其危害仍不可忽视,因此有必要针对高发地区、高危人群加强防控力度及犬伤暴露后预防处置,以有效遏制狂犬病的流行及危害。Objective To explore epidemiologic characteristics of rabies and provide evidence for the prevention and control of rabies.Methods The epidemiological characteristics and harmfulness of rabies from2005to2015in Guangxi were analyzed.The epidemiological characteristics were described by Excel2007,SPSS16.0software.Incidence level map was drawed by ArcGIS10.2software.Results There were3401rabies cases reported from2005to2015in Guangxi,and the total mortality rate was0.654/100000.The average ratio of total rabies cases accounted for0.09%and0.20%of notifiable infectious diseases and B type infectious diseases,respectively.The average ratio of total rabies deaths accounted for14.21%and14.58%,respectively.All14cities of Guangxi had case report with the serious epidemic areas located in Guigang,Guilin,Yulin,Qinzhou,and Laibin City accounting for51.76%of all cases.Cases reported in males were2.56times of the females.Rabies occurred in all age groups,but most of cases were in the age group0-15years and35-70years.There were rabies cases reported each month with the highest incidence in summer and autumn.The epidemic of rabies reported in Guangxi had a sporadic tendency,and the incidence of rabies was different in each county with the high incidence areas.Conclusion The epidemic situation of rabies in Guangxi showed a declining tendency in recent years,but its harmfulness should not be ignored.Hence,the measures to more effectively prevent and control rabies should be taken in high-infection areas and high-risk groups,as well as post-exposure prophylaxis should be strengthened in the future.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行危害 流行特征 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]