猪瘟退出强制免疫后的若干问题  

Several Problems on Withdrawal of Compulsory Vaccination of Classical Swine Fever

作　　者：韩焘[1] 张宁宁[1] 齐鲁[1] 杨林[1] 辛盛鹏[1] Han Tao;Zhang Ningning;Qi Lu;Yang Lin;Xin Shengpeng(China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Beijing　100026)

机构地区：[1]中国动物疫病预防控制中心,北京100026

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2017年第5期60-63,共4页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：基金项目:北京市生猪产业创新团队(BAIC02-2017)

摘　　要：猪瘟在我国被列为一类动物传染病,是危害养猪业生产的主要传染病之一。自2007年起,我国制定了以强制免疫为主的猪瘟综合防控策略,在实施了近10年的强制免疫后,我国的猪瘟群体免疫抗体合格率持续维持在较高水平,病原检出率逐年下降,猪瘟临床表现趋于和缓,流行情况趋于稳定。虽然现阶段仍存在原种场、种猪场和商品场的免疫水平参差不齐,不同省份间免疫状况差异较大,诊断、鉴别技术发展相对缓慢等情况,但强制免疫政策的实施有效控制了猪瘟的发生与流行。2017年猪瘟退出了国家强制免疫计划,改为对符合条件的养殖场实行"先打后补"的财政补助政策,这表明我国猪瘟防控取得阶段性成果,猪瘟防控进入了新的历史阶段。但防控也面临着若干新问题:一是养殖者主体责任意识不强;二是病原阳性率与临床发病率匹配度较低;三是疫情监测网络监测效率低;四是如何做好高密度免疫;五是财政支持政策需进行科学调整;六是需研究猪瘟净化方案。解决好这些问题是我国下一阶段猪瘟防控工作的关键:一要明确养殖者的防疫主体责任;二要厘清猪瘟监测阳性率与实际发病率之间关系;三要强化猪瘟监测网络建设;四要建立系统的疫苗效果评价机制;五要优化财政支持政策,充分发挥政府和市场两种资源;六要尽快研究制定符合我国国情的猪瘟净化技术方案。Classical Swine Fever(CSF)is classified as the1st animal diseases in China,resulting in great economic loss to swine production.In2007,the CSF prevention and control strategy was formulated again in China,of which the core was compulsory vaccination for pigs.For a decade of implementation,the herd qualification rates of postvaccination antibodies were kept at high level,the detection rates of CSFV decreased year by year.Overall,clinic symptoms of CSF tend to be mind,and its prevalence has become stable.Hence,the compulsory vaccination achieved good results in CSF control,though some problems still exited,such as the different immune levels in stock seed farms,swine breeding farms and commercial farms,the various immunization situations among different provinces,as well as the slow-growing techniques for CSF diagnosis and identification.In2017,compulsory vaccination plan for CSF were modified as“vaccination first,subsidy comes after vaccination”,indicating the phased achievements were obtained and CSF prevention and control stepped into a new stage.Inevitably,several new problems were encountered:First,the farmers lacked main body consciousness;Second,the matching rate was low between positive rates of pathogens and clinical incidence of CSF;Third,the poor work efficiency of disease surveillance system;Fourth,how to conduct a good immunization with high intensity;Fifth,the financial support policy needed further scientific adjustment;Six,CSF eradication plan should be studied.Correspondingly,solutions for these problems were also put forward:First,clearing and defining the main body responsibility of CSF epidemic prevention by the farmers;Second,making the rates certain that both positive rates of surveillance and practical morbidity;Third,strengthening establishment of CSF monitoring system;Fourth,developing a systematical evaluation mechanism for immune effect of CSF vaccination;Fifth,optimizing the financial support policy;Sixth,studying and formulating the CSF eradication plan in accordance with the nation

关 键 词：猪瘟 强制免疫 疫苗 净化 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]