民航飞机起飞过程细粒子排放特征  

Fine particles emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during takeoff

作　　者：韩博[1,2] 刘雅婷[2] 陈鑫 任强[1] 魏志强[1] HAN Bo;LIU Ya-ting;CHEN Xin;REN Qiang;WEI Zhi-qiang(Tianjin Key Laboratory for Air Traffic Operation Planning and Safety Technology,College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;Flight Department, Tianjin Airlines,Tianjin 300300, China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津市空管运行规划与安全技术重点实验室,天津300300 [2]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071 [3]天津航空有限责任公司飞行部,天津300300

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第5期1620-1627,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21407174);天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划项目(14JCQNJC08100);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(3122016A012,ZXH2012C003,3122016D025,3122017063);中国民航大学科研启动基金项目(2012QD03X)

摘　　要：选择B737-800作为典型机型,基于BM2-FOA耦合模型,通过对飞机性能参数的模拟,获得了其在全推力和减推力等多种方式下,起飞离场爬升至1000m高度过程中每一时刻PM_(2.5)的排放指数,并计算了精确排放量.同时研究了燃油含硫量对细粒子排放量的影响,分析了不同组分对PM_(2.5)排放的贡献率,并将计算结果与ICAO基准参数的估算结果进行对比.结果表明,各种方式中PM_(2.5)排放指数的差异主要存在于地面起飞段.其中,全推力起飞方式下,非挥发性组分和挥发性有机组分排放指数最高,因此一次起飞过程PM_(2.5)排放总量最高,约为37.6g(普通燃油).使用减推力起飞后,PM_(2.5)排放量降至36.7~35.5g.使用高硫燃油时,PM_(2.5)排放量约升高150%.经过对比发现,将ICAO的基准参数直接用于FOA方法,对PM_(2.5)排放量的估算结果偏差较大.与机动车相比,使用普通燃油和高硫燃油的一次全推力正常起飞过程,PM_(2.5)排放量分别约等于一辆国Ⅳ轻型汽油车行驶2984km和7294km.精确计算方法为编制机场区域飞机污染排放清单提供基础.Boeing737~800was selected as a typical model in this thesis.Based on BM2-FOA coupling model,PM2.5emission indices in full thrust and reduced thrust takeoff from the takeoff time to the height of1000m were obtained through aircraft performance parameters simulation,and emission loads were worked out then.At the same time,theinfluences of sulfur content on emission levels were presented,and then the contributions to PM2.5emissions from different components were calculated.A comparison was made between the results using coupling model and ICAO standard parameters.The result showed that the differences of PM2.5emission indices were mainly during the period of takeoff on the ground before climbout.The PM2.5emission of a full thrust takeoff is the largest which the amount is37.6g(low-sulfur fuel),because of the highest emission indices of non-volatile and volatile organic PM2.5components.In terms of reduced thrust processes,PM2.5emissions decreased to36.7~35.5g.PM2.5emissions increased by150%when high-sulfur fuel is used.It has been found from the comparison that the emissions calculated by ICAO standard parameters lead to relatively large errors.Compared with the light-duty gasoline vehicle(nationalⅣstandard),the PM2.5emissions of one full thrust takeoff with low-sulfur fuel and high-sulfur fuel equal the emissions of running2984km and7294km respectively.Accurate calculation method is supposed be the basis for the preparation of aircraft emission inventory in the airport area.

关 键 词：飞机 起飞 细粒子 排放特征 波音737 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]