亚欧国花比较研究  

Comparative Study on the National Flowers of Asian and European Countries

作　　者：孔海燕 温跃戈[2] KONG Hai-yan;WEN Yue-ge

机构地区：[1]中国花卉协会 [2]北京林业大学

出　　处：《中国园林》2017年第2期103-106,共4页Chinese Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：在国花文化领域不仅定量研究较少,而且对亚洲和欧洲国家国花的比较研究鲜有报道。为进一步探究国花文化及东西方不同国花文化的差异,抽取了具有代表性的亚洲13个国家的20个国花、欧洲15个国家的22个国花,从国花的园艺特征、确定形式、产生原因和价值表现4个方面,进行了系统的文献调查和定量比较分析。结果表明:1)从亚欧各国的国花数量来看,60%以上的国家为一国一花,30%以上为一国两花;2)亚欧各国一般选取有较高观赏价值的花卉作为国花,反映民族传统情感的相对较多,各国国花所属的科、属均较为分散,多为本国原产植物,且大多可以在本国广泛种植,甚至在世界范围推广普及;3)60%的亚洲国家国花为木本植物,大多数欧洲国家国花为草本植物;4)亚洲国家的国花由政府确认或民间约定的相对较多,而欧洲国家的国花以民间约定为主;5)半数以上亚洲国家的国花花色淡雅、适宜群体观赏,而半数以上欧洲国家的国花花色艳丽、适宜单花观赏。Quantity studies on the culture of national flowers can rarely be found in existing archives.Reports on the comparative studies between the national flowers of Asian and European countries are even less.To explore the cultural difference of national flowers of eastern and western countries,a quantity comparative study was conducted on20national flowers of13Asian countries and22national flowers of15European countries through archive investigation,from the aspects of horticultural feature,recognition ways and reasons,as well as industrial values.The results are as follows:1)Over60%of the Asian and European countries only have one national flower,while over30%have two national flowers.2)Generally,countries from Asia and Europe chose plants with high ornamental value as their national flowers,which belong to a wide range of families and genera and can be grown around the country and even the world.Most national flowers are native to the countries that selected them as national flowers and endowed with the nation’s traditional sentiments.3)60%of the national flowers of Asian countries are woody plants,while most of the European countries are herbal plants.4)The national flowers of Asian countries are mainly decided by the government or recognized as common sense of the society,while those of European countries mainly recognized as common sense of the society.5)Over half of the national flowers of Asian countries are of light color and have better ornamental effects as a group,while over half of European countries are of bright color and have good individual ornamental effects.

关 键 词：园林植物 国花 亚洲 欧洲 比较 调查 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]