塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地贴地层风沙流结构研究  

Research on Wind-sand Flow Structure of Surface Layer over the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：康永德 杨兴华[1] 何清[1] 杨帆[1] 霍文[1] 艾力.买买提明 周长帅 KANG Yongde;YANG Xinghua;HE Qing;YANG Fan;HUO Wen;Ali Mamtimin;ZHOU Changshuai(Institute of Desert Meteorology,CMA,Urumqi 830002,China;Geography and Tourism School of Science Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830045,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2017年第2期74-81,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:41375163)资助

摘　　要：利用微梯度集沙仪在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区实测的2014年7—8月贴地层输沙量梯度观测资料(观测高度区间0~5 mm、5~15 mm、15~35 mm、35~85 mm),对沙尘天气过程贴地层风沙流结构进行了研究。结果表明:(1)沙尘天气(沙尘暴和扬沙)过程中,随着风速的增大,各高度层输沙量也随之增大。沙尘暴天气中,风速<7.5 m·s^(-1)时,15~35 mm处的百分含量超过5~15 mm处的百分含量,风速>7.5 m·s^(-1)时,15~35 mm处的百分含量达到最大,其余各高度含量变化不明显。扬沙天气中,风速<8.0 m·s^(-1)时,百分含量最大值出现在35~85 mm高度处,占48.9%,风速>8.0 m·s^(-1)时,大小依次为:15~35 mm(49.5%)>35~85 mm(31.7%)>0~5 mm(12.7%)>5~15 mm(9.2%)。(2)两种天气过程中,沙粒的平均粒径在垂直高度上均呈现先减小后增大的趋势。粒径峰值均处在125~250 um,极细砂含量最高,细砂次之。与扬沙天气相比,沙尘暴天气过程中极细砂、细砂、中砂在各高度层上的含量略微下降,粉尘含量有所升高。The wind-sand flow structure of surface layer was studied based on the data of Aeolian sand(observed height range was0~5mm,5~15mm,15~35mm,35~85mm)during July to August2014,measuring with a micro-gradient sand sampler in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert.The results showed that:(1)During dust event,process,the amounts of aeolian sand for all layers increased with wind speed.During sandstorms,the percentage of amount of aeolian sand for layer at15~35mm high was larger than5~15mm when the wind speed was less than7.5m·s-1,and the percentage for layer at15~35mm high was the largest when wind speed was greater than7.5m·s-1,other layers did not change significantly.During blowing sand,the percentage of amount of Aeolian sand for layer at35~85mm high was maximum,taking up48.9%when the wind speed was less than8m·s-1.The percentage followed the rule of15~35mm(49.5%)>35~85mm(31.7%)>0~5mm(12.7%)>5~15mm(9.2%)when the wind speed was larger than8m·s-1.(2)During two kinds of dust weather,the average particle size decreased with height firstly,and then increased with height.The peak value of sand particle maintained125~250um,and the content of very fine sand was maximum,followed by fine sand.Compared with the blowing sand,the content of dust increased for all layers.

关 键 词：风沙流 输沙量 粒径 沙尘天气 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]