矿业城市煤矸石山周边土壤重金属分布特征与影响因素研究  

Distribution Characteristics and Influence Factors of Heavy Metals in Soils around Coal Waste Piles nearby Mining City

作　　者：丛鑫[1] 张偌溪 胡峰[1] 郑力[1] 李雅[1] 王思蕾 CONG Xin;ZHANG Ruoxi;HU Feng;ZHENG Li;LI Ya;WANG Silei(College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第3期479-485,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41403100);辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610147000080)

摘　　要：以阜新海州井工矿煤矸石山为研究对象,在矸石山东南、东北、西南和西北4个方向50 m范围内共采集表层土壤样品32个,研究煤矸石堆放对周边土壤重金属污染的危害程度,分析土壤中重金属的生物有效性,评价土壤中重金属的污染程度及影响其分布的因素。结果表明:研究区域土壤中5种重金属Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr和Ni中,Pb、Cu、Cr和Ni含量的平均值均高于土壤背景值,其中Ni和Cu的含量分别为土壤环境质量Ⅱ级(GB15618—1995)标准值的1.49倍和1.76倍。土壤中重金属含量基本呈现出随着距煤矸石堆距离的增加而下降的趋势。单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价结果为重金属Ni单项污染水平最高,有28.1%的样本处于轻度污染水平,研究区域土壤中5种重金属综合污染指数大于1,土壤处于轻度污染。BCR顺序提取法对研究区域土壤中重金属形态的分析结果显示,5种重金属都以残渣态为主要存在形态,弱酸溶态含量仅占总量的2.09%~10.8%。统计分析结果显示,研究区域32个土壤样品中重金属的形态分布未呈随土壤pH值变化而变化趋势,土壤有机质与相应土壤中重金属形态分布相关性分析数据表明,土壤有机质不是影响研究区域土壤中重金属分布的主要因素。Topsoil samples were collected systematically from32sampling sites.They were collected from an area centered on the coal waste piles in Haizhou shaft along four directions(southeast,northeast,southwest and northwest)within approximate distances of50m.Systematic studies on the heavy metal contamination of surficial soils were carried out for exploring the hazard degree of heavy metals pollution,analyzing the biological availability of heavy metals in soil,evaluating the degree of pollution and finding the factors affecting heavy metals distribution.The results showed that average contents of Pb,Cu,Cr and Ni in soil were higher than the background values of heavy metals in soil.The contents of Ni and Cu in soil were1.49and1.76times higher than that of Environmental Quality Standard II for Soils in China(GB15618-1995).The content of heavy metals in soil took a decreased trend with the increasing distance from the coal waste piles.The assessment results of single factor pollution index and Nemero integrated pollution index showed that the pollution level of heavy metal Ni was the highest,and28.1%of the samples were in the mild pollution level.The comprehensive pollution index of Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr and Ni in the soil was more than1,and the soil was slightly polluted.The speciation analysis of heavy metals in soil by BCR sequential extraction indicated that the residual phase was the dominant form for the heavy metals studied in the soils.The acid soluble fraction was only2.09%~10.8%of total concentration.The statistical analysis results stated that the distribution of heavy metals in soil samples in the study area did not change with the change of soil pH value.The correlation analysis between the soil organic matter and the distribution of heavy metals in soil by SPSS software suggested that the soil organic matter was not the main factor affecting the distribution of heavy metals in the soil.

关 键 词：矸石山 土壤 重金属 生物有效性 形态分布 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]