珠海横琴岛芒洲湿地红树林人工恢复期大型底栖动物群落结构研究  

A study on the community structure of macrobenthos during the period of artificial mangrove restoration in Mangzhou wetland of Hengqin Island, Zhuhai

作　　者：罗章凤 方展强[1] LUO Zhangfeng;FANG Zhanqiang(Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学生命科学学院,广东省高等学校生态与环境科学重点实验室,广东广州510631

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2017年第3期61-72,共12页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2009B030600006);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADB280401-02);珠海市科技计划项目(PC20081050)~~

摘　　要：探讨珠海横琴岛芒洲红树林湿地不同人为干扰及不同植被类型下大型底栖动物的群落结构和多样性。共采获大型底栖动物66种,包括软体动物20种,甲壳动物15种,鱼类14种,环节动物9种及其他8种(主要为昆虫幼虫)。结果显示,大型底栖动物生活型主要由底内型和底上附着型为主,穴居型蟹类最少。采样点优势种及优势度都集中在少数几个r-对策者,例如瘤蜷、乌苏里圆田螺、麦克碟尾虫、脊尾白虾和谭氏泥蟹。各区域栖息密度和生物量最大的均为软体动物。底栖动物类型主要以体型较小,生活周期短的r-对策者为主,而缺乏大型的有较长寿命的k-对策者,显示群落在演替初期常出现的现象。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H?)、Pielou均匀度指数(J?)、Margalef丰富度指数(d)以及Simpson多样性指数(C)在区域间和季节间的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。磨刀门河道天然次生林(B区)物种集中性最高(C=0.4896),多样性最低(H?=1.288),物种丰富度(d=4.301)及均匀度(J?=0.3583)也最低;人工恢复区(A和A?区)物种多样性及丰富度、均匀度均大于河道天然林区,表明红树林植被在发育初期有益于滩涂生态系统的生境复杂性以及底栖动物的多样性。同时大型底栖动物的多样性、均匀度及丰富度等均较低,表明整个系统处于生物演替的初级阶段。Margalef richness index(d),and Simpson index(C)were not significant(P>0.05)in different seasons and different areas.Inthree regions,the highest concentration(C=0.4896),the lowest species diversity(H'=1.288),the highest species richness(d=4.301),and the lowest evenness(J'=0.3583)were found in the river natural forests(Zone B).The species diversity,richness and evenness in artificial recovery areas were greater than those in the river natural forest areas,which indicated thatthe mangrove vegetation in the early development was beneficial to the habitat complexity in mudflat ecosystem as well as tothe diversity of benthic fauna.Moreover,the low macrobenthos diversity,evenness and richness demonstrated that the entiresystem was in the early stages of biological succession.The community structure and diversity of macrobenthos under different anthropogenic disturbances and differentvegetation types in Mangzhou wetland of HengqinIsland,Zhuhai were investigated.A total harvest of macrobenthos were66species,including20species of mollusks,15species of crustaceans,14species of fish,nine species of annelids and eight otherspecies(mainly insect larvae).The results showed that the major macrobenthos life form was of infaunal and adhering typewhile caving type(crabs)was the minor life form.Ddominance and dominant species were concentrated in a few r-strategists,such as Tarebia granifera,Cipangopaludina ussuriensis,Discapseudes mackie,Exopalaemon carinicauda and Ilyrplaxdeschampsi.The maximum habitat density and biomass were molluscs in each study area.Macrobenthos types mainlyincluded smaller and shorter life cycle of r-strategist;and there was a lack of large and longer life k-strategist,which was thecommon feature of the early successional communities.Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'),Pielou evenness index(J'),

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 群落结构 芒洲湿地 珠海 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学]