减氮配施控释尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用的影响  

Effect of combined application of controlled-release urea and conventional urea under reduced N rate on yield and N utilization efficiency of rice

作　　者：黄巧义[1] 唐拴虎[1] 张发宝[1] 张木[1] 黄旭[1] 黄建凤[1] 李苹[1] 付弘婷[1] HUANG Qiaoyi;TANG Shuanhu;ZHANG Fabao;ZHANG Mu;HUANG Xu;HUANG Jianfeng;LI Ping;FU Hongting(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of PlantNutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第6期829-838,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303103;201503123);广东省科技计划项目(2016A020210035;2014B090904068)资助~~

摘　　要：以释放期为60~90 d的控释尿素为试验材料,2015年在广东省台山市和翁源县开展大田试验,研究在全量施氮[195 kg(N)·hm^(-2)]、减氮20%[156 kg(N)·hm^(-2)]和减氮40%[117 kg(N)·hm^(-2)]条件下,常规分次施肥(CF)、配施控释尿素氮占25%一次性施用(25%CRU)和配施控释尿素氮占50%一次性施用(50%CRU)对水稻生长、产量及氮肥利用率的影响,为控释尿素在水稻生产上的推广应用提供参考。结果表明,在水稻营养生长阶段,不同施氮处理的每兜分蘖数基本一致,叶片SPAD值随施氮量增加略有提高。随着施氮量增加,水稻产量先提高后降低,当施氮量为156 kg(N)·hm^(-2)时,水稻产量最高。等氮条件下,25%CRU、50%CRU和CF处理的水稻籽粒产量基本一致;不同施氮处理的稻谷和稻草氮素吸收累积量无显著差异。水稻氮素吸收累积量随着施氮量的增加而增加,而氮肥偏生产力和氮收获指数逐渐降低。等氮条件下,25%CRU和50%CRU处理的氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理利用率均显著高于常规施肥处理(P(27)0.05),两地平均增幅分别为14.99%、17.23%和98.22%、57.44%。当施氮量为195 kg(N)·hm^(-2)时,25%CRU和50%CRU处理的氮收获指数较常规施肥处理(CF)提高6.99%和6.69%,其中台山试验点的增幅达到显著水平(P(27)0.05)。117 kg(N)·hm^(-2)处理的土壤碱解氮含量显著降低(P(27)0.05)。25%控释氮肥掺混一次性施用施氮量为156 kg(N)·hm^(-2)的施肥处理,其产量和氮肥利用效率在台山和翁源两个试验点均较高,在广东省双季稻区可实现水稻增产稳产,显著提高氮肥利用率,并维持土壤肥力,是一种较优的氮肥运筹模式。The effects of different blending rates of controlled-release urea(CRU)and conventional urea(CU)at different nitrogen(N)application rates on the growth,yield,N uptake and N use efficiency of rice were studied to provide a reference base for the application and dissemination of CRU in rice production.Field experiments of rice were carried out in Taishan City and Wengyuan County in Guangdong Province during the2015rice growing season.Ten treatments were set in the experiment-conventional fertilization with4split applications(CF),single basal application of25%CRU plus75%CU(25%CRU)and single basal application of50%CRU plus50%CU(50%CRU),respectively,under100%,80%and60%of conventional N rate[195kg(N)·hm?2,156kg(N)·hm?2and117kg(N)·hm?2],and no nitrogen fertilization(CK).Tiller number and leaf SPAD values were measured at vegetative stages of rice.Straw and grain yield were collected at maturity for N analysis.Then yield and yield components were recorded after harvest.The results showed that there was no difference in tiller number at vegetative growth stages under different N fertilization treatments,and that leaf SPAD increased with increasing N application rate.With increasing N application rate,rice grain yield increased initially and then decreased.Also the highest rice grain yield was obtained under156kg(N)·hm?2treatment.N uptake of rice increased with increasing N application.At the same N rate,no differences was noted in grain yield,N uptake of rice grain and rice straw among CF,25%CRU and50%CRU treatments.With increasing N application rate,N partial factor productivity and N harvest index decreased gradually.For the same N rate,agronomic N use efficiency,N physiology efficiency under25%CRU and50%CRU treatments were higher than that under CF treatment(P?0.05),with average increases of14.99%,17.23%and98.22%,57.44%,respectively.N harvest indices under25%CRU and50%CRU treatments were averagely higher by6.99%and6.69%,respectively,than that under CF treatment at conventional application rate[195kg(N)·hm?2],espec

关 键 词：水稻 控释肥 一次性掺混 减氮 氮肥利用效率 养分吸收 产量 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]