印尼大珠母贝稚贝对温度、盐度的耐受性  

Tolerance of Indonesia Pinctada maxima Juveniles on Temperature and Salinity

作　　者：谭杰[1] 白成[1] 李燕[1] 刘付少梅 谢晓红[1] 吕晓露[1] 唐啸尘[1,3] 刘志刚[1,3] TAN Jie;BAI Cheng;LI Yan;LIUFU Shao-mei;XIE Xiao-hong;Lü Xiao-lu;TANG Xiao-chen;LIU Zhi-gang(Fisheries College Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;Guangdong Province,Nanhai Economic Invertebrates Healthy Breeding Engineering Research Center Zhanjiang 524088, China;Zhanjiang Silver Wave Marine Biotechnology Company Ltd., Zhanjiang 524000, China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088 [2]湛江银浪海洋生物技术有限公司,广东湛江524000 [3]广东省南海经济无脊椎动物健康养殖工程研究中心,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2017年第3期110-116,共7页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：农业部948项目(2010-Z33);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项(A201008A01;A201201A06;A201208A07)

摘　　要：在实验室室内控温控盐条件下,采用生态学方法研究印尼大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)稚贝水体温度和盐度的耐受性。结果表明,在温度条件中,12、13、14℃低温区为致死温度,稚贝100%死亡分别耗时6、9、12d;15、16、17、18℃低温区及常温组(26~28℃)存活率分别为41.11%、78.91%、91.10%、94.43%和96.67%;受寒致死温度为15.12℃,低温敏感起始点为16℃;36、37、38℃高温区为致死温度,全部稚贝死亡分别耗时8、3、2 d;常温、32、33、34、35℃高温区组存活率分别为96.67%、93.32%、88.91%、73.40%和14.31%;受热致死温度为34.35℃,高温敏感起始点为34℃;存活率在低温端下降更迅速,稚贝对低温更为敏感。在盐度条件中,盐度12低盐组,5 d内稚贝100%死亡,盐度42、45的高盐组,全部稚贝分别在18 d和4 d内死亡,其它盐度组保持存活;适宜及最适生存盐度分别为16.3~39.5和24~33;适宜及最适宜生长盐度分别为13.1~37.8和27;低、高盐敏感起始点分别为盐度21、36。In order to provide a reference for the Pinctada maxima juvenile in the early breeding on South China Sea,study about tolerance of indonesia P.maxima juveniles(average shell length6.86±0.32mm,average shell height4.71±0.27mm)in seven low-temperature(12-18℃)and seven high-temperature(32-38℃)group with a gradient of1℃and twelve salinity(12-45)group with a gradient of3was carried out by ecological methods in the laboratory controlled temperature and salinity.The results showed that survival rate and growth of indonesia P.maxima juveniles were different in different temperature and salinities.As far as temperature was concerned,larvae all died at the low temperature zone of12,13and14centigrade with6,9and12d,respectively;Survival rates of juveniles at15,16,17,18centigrade and normal water temperature followed by41.11%,78.91%,91.10%,94.43%and96.67%;Cold lethal temperature was15.12centigrade.Low sensitive starting temperature was16centigrade.36,37and38centigrade at the high-temperature zone was the lethal temperature.The Juveniles died respectively within8,3and2d.The survival rates of juveniles at normal water temperature and15,16,17,18centigrade followed by96.67%,93.32%,88.91%,73.40%and14.31%;Heated lethal temperature was34.35centigrade and high sensitive starting temperature was34centigrade;The survival rate decreased more rapidly in the low temperature area,and the larvae were more sensitive to low temperature.In terms of salinity,when the salinity was12,juveniles all died in5d and when the salinity was42and45,juveniles died respectively in18d and4d,Other salinity groups kept partial survival.The suitable and the optimum salinity for survival were16.83-39.5and24-33and the suitable and the optimum salinity for the growth of juvenile were13.1-37.8and27.The sensitive starting points of low and high temperature were21and36,respectively.

关 键 词：大珠母贝 稚贝 温度 盐度 耐受性 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]